Patterned vertical alignment

Tubes may be arranged in either a horizontal and vertical alignment pattern (which provides for easier cleaning and inspection) or in a staggered layout (which provides for improved heat transfer) because of the more circuitous flow of water around the tubes). 

FIGURE 15.4 SEM images of vertically aligned MWNTs at (left) UV lithography and at (right) e-beam patterned Ni spots. (Reprinted with permission from [45]. Copyright (2003) American Chemical Society.)... 

In the arrangement (b), the spheres in every second row are seated in the depressions between the spheres of the first row. The spheres in the third row are vertically aligned with the spheres in the first row and those in fourth row vertically aligned with spheres in the second row. The similar pattern is followed throughout. In... 

The 2/4 soap/acid molecular complex may be structured with two binding patterns (10). The acid carboxylic groups may be aligned horizontally, Fig. la, or vertically, Fig. lb. For our present evaluation, only the vertical alignment will be examined it offers distinct advantages for the inclusion of water (11). 

The magnetic field is maintained for 2 h, and the sample is cooled rapidly on a cold metal surface or with liquid nitrogen as soon as the power supply of the magnet is turned off. The film is then placed in the sample holder of a suitable X-ray diffractometer (with axis vertically aligned) and the diffraction pattern is recorded with a flat-plate camera. 

Chiou, Y. D., D. S. Tsai, H. H. Lam, C. H. Chang, K. Y. Lee, and Y. S. Huang. 2013. Cycle stability of the electrochemical capacitors patterned with vertically aligned carhon nanotuhes in an LiPF -hased electrolyte. Nanoscale 5 8122-8129. 

Sensing devices and cell-culture scaffolds have been made from vaticaUy aligned (normal to the substrate) CNT and CNF forests and patterned arrays. The multiple detection sites of vertically aligned CNT arrays improve the signal-to-noise ratio and temporal response by several ordas of... 

As shown in Figure 7.4b, arrays of conically shaped CNFs (200 nm tip diameter, 6-20 xm long, deterministic nanofiber separation) can be produced from Ni catalyst dots patterned on Si substrates." The planar arrangement, vertical alignment, and small dimensions of the CNFs make them well suited to penetrate multiple cells simultaneously and deliver surface-adsorbed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the cells." Later, a similar technique was used to produce a nanoelec-... 

FIGURE 7.4 Vertically aligned arrays of carbon nanostructures, (a) CNT array. (Adapted from Ren, Z.F. et al., Appl Phys Lett, 75, 1086-1088, 1999. With permission.) (b) Patterned CNF array. (Adapted from Melechko, A.V. et al., Nanotechnology, 14, 1029-1035, 2003. With permission.)... 

Figure 6.28 Typical X-ray scattering patterns for aligned smectic samples. The director is vertical.

In, J.B., Lee, D., Fomasiero, R, Noy, A., Grigoropoulos, C.P., 2012. Laser-assisted simultaneous transfer and patterning of vertically aligned carbon nanotuhe arrays on polymer substrates for flexible devices. ACS Nano 6, 7858—7866. 

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