Pattern integral

Chemical Shift Coupling Pattern Integral Value... 

Williams. L.B. Hervig, R.L. Dutton, S.P. in Basin-wide Diagenetic Patterns Integrated Petrologic, Geochemical, and Hydrologic Considerations, Montanez, I.P. et al. (eds. ), SEPM Special Publication 57,1997, 269. 

Fishman N. S. (1997) Basin-wide fluid movement in a Cambrian paleoaquifer evidence from the Mt. Simon sandstone, Illinois and Indiana. In Basin-wide Diagenetic Patterns Integrated Petrologic, Geochemical, and Hydro-logic Considerations (eds. I. Montanez, J. M. Gregg, and K. L. Shelton). Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Tulsa, OK, vol. 57, pp. 221-234. 

He, Z., Gregg, J. M., Shelton, K. L., and Palmer, J. R., 1997, Sedimentary facies control of fluid flow and mineralization in Cambro-Ordovician strata, southern Missouri basin-wide diagenetic patterns in SEPM Conference on Basin-wide diagenetic patterns Integrated petrologic, geochemical, and hydrologic consideration. Lake Ozark, Missouri, United States, p. 81-99. 

Chemical shift increments are the shifts from that of the protons of benzene (8 7.27). Thus for a CH C=0 substituent (line 26, Appendix Chart D.l), the ortho increment is +0.63, and the meta and para increments are both +0.28 (+ being at higher frequency than 8 7.27). The C-2 proton has two ortho substituents the C-4 and C-6 protons are equivalent and have ortho and para substituents the C-5 proton has two meta substituents. Thus the calculated increment for C-2 is + 1.26, for C-4 and C-6 is +0.91, and for C-5 is +0.56. The spectrum shows increments of +1.13, + 0.81, and +0.20, respectively. This agreement is adequate for determining the substitution pattern. Integration of the spectrum would show the expected ratio of 1 2 1. Furthermore, both the ortho- (with identical substituents) and para-substituted compounds would show the characteristic, symmetrical patterns of Figures... 

Fig. 6.19 Radiation pattern for a coiumn array in front of a PEC groundpiane seen end-on. By pattern integration we easiiy see that the directivity is iargest at the iowest frequencies where the groundpiane spacing is very smaii put not too dose to zero). At higher frequencies we obtain iower directivity. Note in particuiar that nothing special happened when the spacing is equal to 1/4.

Fig. 6.20 Radiation pattern for a coiumn array seen from the top mounted directly in front of a perfectiy magnetic conducting (PMC) groundpiane and, for comparison, the same if using a PEC groundpiane at some distance (see Fig. 6.19). By pattern integration we observe that the former has tower directivity than the iatter.

Tan, W. and T. A. Desai 2003. Microfluidic patterning of cells in extracellular matrix biopolymers Effects of channel size, cell type, and matrix composition on pattern integrity. Tissue Engineering9 2) 255-267. 

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