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Pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs

LPS), monophosphoryl lipid A, and CpG DNA. These substances contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by and stimulate cells of the immune system. Many of these substances, for example, LPS, have been discovered to act as ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR). These receptors are expressed on APC, recognize highly conserved motifs on bacteria and viruses, and mediate APC activation. Vaccine developers are now focusing... [Pg.693]

Up to now, several different TLRs in humans have been described. These molecules contain a characteristic leucine-rich extracellular domain (LLR), which recognizes conserved structures of the microorganisms called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), referred to above under the discussion of innate immunity. This initial reaction between TLRs and PAMPs leads through a signalling cascade to the activation of genes that control the production of the proinflammatory cytokines.10... [Pg.74]

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Molecular patterning

PAMP

PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular

PAMPs

PAMPs patterns

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern PAMP)

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern PAMP)

Pattern association

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