Patents fingerprint

Fig. 2e), virtually absent in perfect siUcalite-1 and immediately identified as a fingerprint of TS-1 material [37,52-55,63,70,71]. A qualitative correlation between the intensity of the infrared band at 960 cm and Ti content has been observed since the first synthesis of TS-1. Indeed, the occurrence of that band is one of the distinctive features of the material cited in the original patent [7]. However, the quantitative correlation has been reported only very recently by Ricchiardi et al. [52], owing to very serious experimental problems related to the saturation of the IR framework modes, hi the same work, the nature of the 960 cm band has been discussed in terms of theoretical calculations based on both cluster and periodical approaches. 

The most widely used method of challenging the legitimacy of the process used to manufacture the generic product is to undertake an impurity profile study of the drug substance extracted from the competing product, in short to check its impurity fingerprint vs. your own product. Most companies can describe cases. One in my experience occurred when an Italian company decided to market Amikacin, at that time a patented Bristol-Myers product, in Korea. 

Typically, dereplication is initiated with some analysis, chromatographic and/or spectroscopic, to recognise an active entity detected during HTS. Additional analyses are employed to rapidly establish the unambiguous identity of the compound. This fingerprint can then be used to search databases and reference libraries to link the structure to all chemical, spectral, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic data, as well as patent and publication information. 

Three research groups independently developed the method, with small differences between them. Williams et al. (31) patented the RAPD technique (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), which became the most popular. Welsh and McClelland (32) used primers with 20 nucleotides and called the technique Arbitrary Primed-PCR. Finally, Caetano-Anolles et al. (33) described the same technology with name DNA Amplihcation Fingerprint. 

Figure 17.11 Application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to visualize the diversity of chemical space from the exemplified compounds of nine different NaV1.7 patent applications (represented in different colors) [30-33], Standard chemical fingerprints are used and the projections are made in three dimensions. While this method allows chemists to readily detect broad differences in...

McGregor, M. J. and Muskal, S. M. (2000) Pharmacophore fingerprinting in QSAR and primary library design. Patent WO 99-US25460, US 98-106007. Ajay, Bemis, G. W. and Murcko, M. A. (1999) Designing libraries with CNS activity. J. Med. Chem. 42,4942-4951. 

Most of the descriptors discussed in this review require an enumerated structure, i,e., the full connection table of the reference molecule. For combinatorial libraries and for certain kinds of descriptors, this is not necessary. Downs and Barnard have recently presented an elegant method to compute molecular fingerprints based on the precursors, using techniques developed for Markush structure handling in chemical patents,... 

Here, two studies will be reported as an exemplification of the potentiality of the metabolomic-based approach in food analysis the first one is discussed because it led to a patented method (Bruker JuiceScreener for SGF Profiling ) for juice authentication, and the second one because it showed the potentiality to discriminate different cultivars of the same botanical species (kiwi fruits) and to follow the whole ripening process through metabolic fingerprinting. 

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