Passive electronic devices

However, a great amount of work remains. Firstly, comprehensive reliabihty, durabihty, as well as environmental impact tests, e.g., vibration, temperature cycHng, and aging, are needed, since it is indeed a new way of fabricating passive electronic devices, with new materials. Electrical characteristics of this type of soft electronics under extreme temperature... 

Clusters are intennediates bridging the properties of the atoms and the bulk. They can be viewed as novel molecules, but different from ordinary molecules, in that they can have various compositions and multiple shapes. Bare clusters are usually quite reactive and unstable against aggregation and have to be studied in vacuum or inert matrices. Interest in clusters comes from a wide range of fields. Clusters are used as models to investigate surface and bulk properties [2]. Since most catalysts are dispersed metal particles [3], isolated clusters provide ideal systems to understand catalytic mechanisms. The versatility of their shapes and compositions make clusters novel molecular systems to extend our concept of chemical bonding, stmcture and dynamics. Stable clusters or passivated clusters can be used as building blocks for new materials or new electronic devices [4] and this aspect has now led to a whole new direction of research into nanoparticles and quantum dots (see chapter C2.17). As the size of electronic devices approaches ever smaller dimensions [5], the new chemical and physical properties of clusters will be relevant to the future of the electronics industry. 

Shyh Wang, Principles and Characteristics of Integratable Active and Passive Optical Devices Shlomo Margalit and Amnon Yariv, Integrated Electronic and Photonic Devices Takaaki Mukai, Yoshihisa Yamamoto, and Tatsuya Kimura, Optical Amplification by Semiconductor Lasers... 

Thin films (qv) of vitreous silica have been used extensively in semiconductor technology. These serve as insulating layers between conductor stripes and a semiconductor surface in integrated circuits, and as a surface passivation material in planar diodes, transistors, and injection lasers. They are also used for diffusion masking, as etchant surfaces, and for encapsulation and protection of completed electronic devices. Thin films serve an important function in multilayer conductor insulation technology where a variety of conducting paths are deposited in overlay patterns and insulating layers are required for separation. 

Schvartzman, M., Sidorov, V., Ritter, D. and Paz, Y. Passivation of InP surfaces of electronic devices by organothiolated self-asse.mbled monolayers. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology 21, 148 (2003). 

Fig. S. 7r-Fr characteristics of the a-Si H-passivated diode after various treatments. as deposited (1) after BT at 200X, 5 V (2) after HT at 300°C (3) after HT at 350 C (4) after HT at 500°C (5) after HT at 550X (6) after HT at 600°C (7) after HT at 650°C / thermal Si02 passivated diode. [From M. L. Tarng and J. I. Pankove, Passivation of p-n junction in crystalline silicon by amorphous silicon, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 1979.]...

For now, unimolecular electronic devices must be tested with inorganic electrodes, thinned out to atomic or oligoatomic sharp tips. Molecules either singly, or in parallel as a monolayer array (one molecule thick), have been shown to be either passive or active electronic components. There are two ways to connect a molecule to an inorganic metal electrode physisorption, and chemisorption. 

Functional ceramic thin films have been used in a variety of electronic devices. In particular, Si02 thin films are widely used for device passivation and protection of magnetic and optical disks. The synthesis of Si02 thin films can be conveifiently... 

Valve Metal, Si and Ceramic Oxides as Dielectric Films for Passive and Active Electronic Devices... 

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