Part 1 Addition Polymers

Within the scope of the original definition, a very wide variety of ionomers can be obtained by the introduction of acidic groups at molar concentrations below 10% into the important addition polymer families, followed by partial neutralization with metal cations or amines. Extensive studies have been reported, and useful reviews of the polymers have appeared (3—8). Despite the broad scope of the field and the unusual property combinations obtainable, commercial exploitation has been confined mainly to the original family based on ethylene copolymers. The reasons for this situation have been discussed (9). Within certain industries, such as flexible packaging, the word ionomer is understood to mean a copolymer of ethylene with methacrylic or acryhc acid, partly neutralized with sodium or zinc. 

The other entries in Table 13.2 show that heat removal is not a problem for most ring-opening and condensation polymerizations. Polycaprolactam (also called Nylon 6) is an addition polymer, but with rather similar bond energies for the monomer and the polymer. The reaction exotherm is small enough that large parts are made by essentially adiabatic reaction in a mold. An equilibrium between monomer and polymer does exist for polycaprolactam, but it occurs at commercially acceptable molecular weights. 

Principles and Characteristics Although it might appear that MALDI-ToFMS should perform particularly well only for the polymer part of polymer/additive systems, the technique also yields useful information about additives contained in UV-insensitive polymers, such as polyolefins. The latter materials are hardly an insignificant part of the total polymer market ... 

Part 2 Synthesis of a Cross-Linked Addition Polymer... 

Fijten MWM, Meier MAR, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US (2004) Automated parallel inves-tigations/optimizations of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 42 5775-5783... 

In summary, a polymer is classified as a condensation polymer if its synthesis involves the elimination of small molecules, or it contains functional groups as part of the polymer chain, or its repeating unit lacks certain atoms that are present in the (hypothetical) monomer to which it can be degraded. If a polymer does not fulfill any of these requirements, it is classified as an addition polymer. 

Arcus, C. L. Stereoisomerism of Addition Polymers. Part I. The Stereochemistry of Addition and Configurations of Maximum Order. J. chem. Soc. [London] 1955, 2801. The Stereoisomerism of Addition Polymers. Part II. Configurations of Maximum Order from Altering Copolymerisation. The Requirements for Optical Activity in Polymers. J. chem. Soc. [London] 1957, 1189. 

Other addition polymers are created by using different monomers. The only requirement is that the monomer must contain a double bond. The monomer propylene, for example, yields polypropylene, as shown in Figure 12.28. Polypropylene is a tough plastic material useful for pipes, hard-shell suitcases, and appliance parts. Fibers of polypropylene are used for upholstery, indoor-outdoor carpets, and even thermal underwear. 

Ayrey, G., and D. T. Turner Radiolysis of polyisobutene. Part 4. A study of the role of free radicals in the fraction reaction using radioactive additives. Polymer 5, 589 (1964). 

As it has been found, microphotographs show that hexaazocyclanes decrease the amount of amorphous phase, that is why it should be expected that introduction of additives of these compounds into PETP ought to break polymer oxidation, as fastdecomposing hedroperoxide is in amorphous part of polymer. 

STENZEL-ROSENBAUM M., DAVIS T.P., CHEN V., FANE A.G., Star-polymer synthesis via radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. J. Polym Sci, Part A Polym Chem. (2001), 39 (9), 1353-65. 

Reviews of cyclophosphazene chemistry have focused on several important subtopics rather than comprehensive surveys or overviews. A comprehensive review of polymers derived from addition polymers of olefins attached to cyclophosphazenes has appeared. Synthesis, copolymerization and quantitative studies of monomer reactivity are discussed in detail. A comprehensive two part review of hybrid phosphazene-siloxane systems includes cyclophosphazenes with siloxane substituents and polymers derived from hydrosilation of alkenylphosophazenes. A survey of new generation candidates for currrently banned Halon fire extinguishing agents concludes that phosphazenes are superior to halons in lab scale extinguishment tests. ... 

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