Parental-offspring recognition

Olfactory signals in mammals provide information which can be used for mate choice, parent-offspring and kin recognition (Brown, 1979 Brown Macdonald, 1985). Olfactory cues found in the urine of mice and rats have been frequently associated with... 

The answer is e. (Murray, pp 812-828. Scriver, pp 3-45. Sack, pp 97-158. Wilson, pp 23-39.) If two individuals in a sibship are affected with an autosomal dominant disease, then the usual implication is that one of the parents has the abnormal allele. Parents with one normal and one abnormal allele have a 50% chance of transmitting the abnormal allele with each pregnancy. Complicating the recognition of autosomal dominant inheritance are incomplete penetrance, where there are no signs of the disease phenotype after all relevant medical evaluations, and variable expressivity, where a parent may have more subtle disease than the offspring. 

To maximize the considerable benefits derived from kin recognition, canids must recognize their close relatives well into adulthood and perhaps throughout their lives. This poses little problem for parents and their adult offspring that remain together much of the... 

The most frequently studied version of kin recognition is that involving parents and offspring. Genetic benefits accruing to parents who... 

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