Parametric pumping schematic

A schematic of a batch parametric pumped adsorption process is sketched in Figure 19.12(a), whereas Figure 19.12(b) shows the synchronized temperature levels and flow directions. At the start, the interstices of the bed and the lower reservoir are filled with liquid of the initial composition and with the same amount in both. The upper reservoir is empty. The bed is kept cold while the liquid is displaced from the interstices into the upper reservoir by liquid pumped from the lower reservoir. Then the temperature of the bed is raised and liquid is pumped down through the bed. Adsorption... 

Figure 3. Schematic of pressure-swing parametric pump...

Another approach to bolk-iiquid separations is parametric pumping. A schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 

Schematic diagrams of modem experimental apparatus used for IR pump-probe by Payer and co-workers [50] and for IR-Raman experiments by Dlott and co-workers [39] are shown in figure C3.5.3. Ultrafast mid-IR pulse generation by optical parametric amplification (OPA) [71] will not discussed here. Single-colour IR pump-probe or vibrational echo experiments have been perfonned with OP As or free-electron lasers. Free-electron lasers use...

Three different reactors were used to deposit CuInS2 films via AACVD. Reactor A, shown schematically in Fig. 6.11a, was primarily used in the parametric studies described below. This is a horizontal, atmospheric pressure, hot-wall reactor with a plate-type 2.5-MHz ultrasonic nebulizer from Sonaer Ultrasonics. The precursor (1.5-3.5g) was dissolved into distilled toluene (50-400 ml) and fed into the nebulizer using a syringe pump. The nebulizer... 

The femtosecond transient absorption studies were performed with 387 nm laser pulses (1 khz, 150 fs pulse width) from an amplified Ti Sapphire laser system (Model CPA 2101, Clark-MXR Inc). A NOPA optical parametric converter was used to generate ultrashort tunable visible pulses from the pump pulses. The apparatus is referred to as a two-beam setup, where the pump pulse is used as excitation source for transient species and the delay of the probe pulse is exactly controlled by an optical delay rail. As probe (white light continuum), a small fraction of pulses stemming from the CPA laser system was focused by a 50 mm lens into a 2-mm thick sapphire disc. A schematic representation of the setup is given below in Fig. 7.2. 2.0 mm quartz cuvettes were used for all measurements. 

Because the irradiating laser beam is pulsed, MALDI is optimally combined with a TOP mass analyzer. The unlimited mass range of TOP and its ability to acquire the entire spectrum from a single laser pulse event are other factors in favor of the MALDI/TOF-MS combination. MALDI-TOF has become a well-known acronym for many researchers. Quadrupole, ion trap, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) instruments have also been modified to accommodate MALDI. A schematic diagram of MALDI/TOF-MS is presented in Figure 2.10. A variety of laser systems has found applications in MALDI analysis, and the most common ones use LTV lasers such as the N2 laser (337 nm), the frequency-tripled (355 nm) and frequency-quadrupled (266 nm) Nd YAG laser, and the ArF excimer laser (193 nm). IR lasers have also been used to produce the MALDI effect. The transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO2 laser (10.6 p,m), the Q-switched Er YAG laser (2.94 (im), and the CriLiSAF or Nd YAG pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser (3.28 p,m) are the common IR lasers. UV and IR lasers yield similar spectra for proteins, although better resolution has been obtained for some proteins with an IR laser. 

Fig. 2.9. Schematic sketch of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) cavity. The OPO uses a nonlinear optical crystal to generate new frequencies (called signal and idler) from a coherent input source (pump laser)...

Figure 3 Schematic representation of a singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator. Pump wave of frequency cop, (reflected) signal wave of frequency os, idler wave of frequency a>. The signal wave (Os becomes amplified. 6p denotes the angle of orientation of the direction of propagation with respect to the crystal optic axis. Adapted with permission from Tang CL and Cheng LK (1995) Fundamentals of Optical Parametric Processes and Oscillators. Amsterdam Harwood Academic Publishers.

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