Parallel phosphofructokinase

Aspartate transcarbamylase catalytic domain 1 Phosphofructokinase domain 1 p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase domain 1 Glucosephosphate isomerase domain 1 Glutathione peroxidase C. Miscellaneous parallel a/j3 Carboxypeptidase Thioredoxin Carbonic anhydrase Phosphofructokinase domain 2 Glucosephosphate isomerase domain 2 III. Antiparallel /3 domains... 

Biotin acts to induce glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase (key enzymes of glycolysis), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis), and holocarboxylase synthetase, acting via a cell-surface receptor linked to formation of cGMP and increased activity of RNA polymerase. The activity of holocarboxylase synthetase (Section 11.2.2) falls in experimental biotin deficiency and increases with a parallel increase in... 

It is also not entirely clear why the blood levels of individual enzymes in muscular dystrophy differ so widely. In some instances, even, there appears to be no increase. Thus blood AMP deaminase levels are barely raised (P8), and Rowland and co-workers (RIO) were unable to detect phosphofructokinase or myoglobin by enzymological or immunochemical techniques. The relative abundance of the enzyme in muscle is obviously important indeed, Dawson (D2) found that in vitro there was a good correlation between the amounts in muscle and the amounts leaking out. In Duchenne dystrophy, however, there is a poor parallel between the concentrations in muscle and blood (P8). The size and shape of an enzyme molecule would be expected to influence its rate of leakage, and a further factor is the attachment of an enzyme to intracellular structures there is some evidence that even the soluble enzymes of muscle may be, in some manner bound within the fibers (A2, H17). Probably other factors also are involved. 

---