Paradoxical sleep studies

Boutrel, B Monaca, C., Hen, R., Hamon, M. Adrien, J. (2002). Involvement of 5-HTia receptors in homeostatic and stress-induced adaptive regulations of paradoxical sleep studies in 5-HT1A knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 22, 4686-92. 

Boissard, R., Gervasoni, D., Schmidt, M. H. et al (2002). The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance a combined microinjection and functional neuroanatomical study. Eur. J. Neurosci 16, 1959-73. 

Jouvet, M. (1965). Paradoxical sleep - a study of its nature and mechanisms. Prog. Brain Res. 18, 20-62. 

Sakai, K., Sastre, J. P., Salvert, D. et al. (1979b). Tegmentoreticular projections with special reference to the muscular atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat an HRP study. Brain Res. 176, 233-54. 

Passouant P, Cadhilac J, Billiard M Withdrawal of the paradoxal sleep by clomipramine electrophysiological, histochemical and biochemical study. Int J Neurol 10 186-197, 1975... 

Valatx JL, Cespuglio R, Paut L, Bailey DW. [Genetic study of paradoxical sleep in mice connection with coloration genes]. Waking Sleeping 1980 4 175-183. 

Until the 1930s sleep was believed to be a simple, passive process. Studies with the electroencephalogram (EEG) first characterized sleep as existing in separate and distinct time patterns. Periodic appearances of rapid eye movements (REM) were subsequently identified during sleep. These appeared to coincide with dreaming. Sleep is now viewed as an active and complex process occurring in stages and cycles. Briefly, there are two kinds of sleep. One is an orthodox sleep, which is a nonrapid eye movement state (NREM). The other is a paradoxical sleep that does involve REM, and is sometimes called active or fast sleep. 

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