Specific parachor

G = superficial mass vapor velocity based on the cross-sectional area of the column, Ib/hr-sq ft M = molecular weight, Ib/lb mole N = dimensionless number P = pressure, consistent units [P] = Sugden parachor sg = specific gravity T = temperature, °F U = superficial velocity, ft/hr... 

Mumford and Phillips33 were the first to evaluate the influence of chain branching on the molecular parachor of hydrocarbons. They calculated values for the atomic parachors, which formed the basis for the specific parachor vs. molecular weight diagram of Leendertse and Waterman34 (Fig. 56). In this diagram curves are drawn... 

Figs. 57 and 58. Diagrams representing specific refraction vs. and specific parachor vs. — based on A.P.I. data of w-alkanes and -alky -cyclohexanes at 20° and 7O°03. ... 

The specific refraction vs. —- and the specific parachor vs. -diagrams of Weber... 

Chain branching causes a lowering of both the specific refraction and the specific parachor of saturated hydrocarbons, which corresponds, according to Weber35, with... 

Fig. 61. Determination of the degree of branching in mineral oil fractions from specific refraction, specific parachor and ring-number Rt.

Product Result of vacuum distillation Physical constants Specific refraction Specific parachor P Apparent ring-number estimated from (p= 11X A ring... 

It appears that for these cyclic polymers the values of the specific refraction and the specific parachor are almost constant, though the refractive index, the density and the surface tension vary notably. The specific refraction and the specific parachor are independent of the degree of polymerization. 

The specific surface energy of a polymer can be estimated by means of an additive quantity, the Parachor. Alternatively, it maybe calculated from the molar cohesive density (which is also additive). Rules are given for the estimation of the interfacial tension and the contact angle of a liquid on a solid. 

Sugden at first thought that the co-ordinate link had a specific parachor, and was able in this way to confirm its presence in many compounds. Mumford and Philips,7 however, showed that many parachor values used by Sugden were unsatisfactory, and the latter, when it was generally recognised that the co-ordinate link behaves like an ordinary covalent single bond, gave it the zero parachor value assumed as standard for the latter, and issued a new list of parachors. 

Triche calculated a specific parachor [P ]=[P]/2>3, for ionic compounds, where r is an ionic radius. Binayendra found for metals that ... 

By the use of measured volumes of liquid ozone at low temperature, liquid ozone-oxygen mixtures are prepared without ozone decomposition. Techniques for the preparation, mixing, disposal, and measurement of the physical properties of these mixtures are described at the liquid phase boundaries at —183 and —195.5° C., the specific volume of ozone-oxygen mixtures is additive within experimental error (0.005 gram per cc). The viscosity of solutions at —183° C. (on a log scale) varied linearly with the composition from 0.189 cp. for 100% oxygen to 1.57 cp. for 100% ozone. At —195.5° C., the viscosity of supercooled liquid ozone is 4.20 cp. Single phase liquid ozone-oxygen mixtures are Newtonian fluids. The surface tension of liquid ozone is 43.8 and 38.4 dynes per cm. at —195.5° and —183°C., respectively. The parachor of liquid ozone is 76.5. 

MR = molar refractivity B = class-specific constant parachor = the product of the molar volume and a surface tension term. 

From the specific volumes and the surface tensions, one obtains the parachors using Eq. (3.163) ... 

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