Pancreatic cancer staging

In pancreatic cancer staging, several questions are to be answered by the radiologist to define patients amenable to curative surgery. Absolute contraindications against surgical resection are as follows ... 

In pancreatic cancer, receptor and ligand expression were localized to the cytoplasm of malignant cells but still correlated positively with advanced stage, proliferation, and angiogenesis (47). 

Fernandez-del Castillo CL, Warshaw AL. Pancreatic cancer. Laparoscopic staging and peritoneal cytology. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1998 7(1) 135—142. 

There are over 200 different types of cancer, which can affect nearly any type of body tissue. The most common cancer of them all is nonmelanoma skin cancer with more than i million new cases in the United States each year, which is about half of the total of all diagnosed cancers. In second place is colon cancer with about 100,000 new cases in the United States each year. The deadliest is pancreatic cancer, which has a 1-year survival rate of about 3 percent. One of the main reasons for this low survival rate is because the symptoms of pan -aeatic cancer do not typically appear until the cancer has already reached a later stage. 

DeWitt J, Deveraux B, Chriswell M et al. (2004) Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography and multidetector computed tomography for detecting and staging pancreatic cancer. Ann Intern Med 141 753-763... 

Lu DSK, Reber HA, Krasny RM, Kadell BM, Sayre J (1997) Local staging of pancreatic cancer criteria for unresectability of major vessels as revealed by pancreatic-phase thin section helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168 1439-1443... 

Schima W, Fugger R, Schober E etal. (2002) Diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer comparison of mangafodipir-enhanced MRI and contrast-enhanced helical hydro-CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 717-724... 

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