PAMAM dendrimers amide linkages

The first report of surface-immobilized dendrimers was in 1994 [54]. Subsequently, our research group showed that the amine-terminated PAMAM and PPl dendrimers could be attached to an activated mercaptoimdecanoic acid (MUA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) via covalent amide linkages [55, 56]. Others developed alternative surface immobilization strategies involving metal com-plexation [10] and electrostatic binding [57]. These surface-confined dendrimer monolayers and multilayers have found use as chemical sensors, stationary phases in chromatography, and catalytic interfaces [41,56,58,59]. Additional applications for surface-confined dendrimers are inevitable, and are dependent only on the synthesis of new materials and the development of clever, new immobilization strategies. 

The observation of stable patterns underlines the importance of covalent attachment to achieve robust patterns, and it confirms the overall strategy employed. Thus, NHS-CIO SAMs can be easily and rapidly functionalized with PAMAM dendrimers via amide linkage formation in a very simple... 

C-branched dendritic structures, based on either ether and amide linkages or simply amide connectivity (iii) Tomalia-type PAMAM dendritic structure, differing from the POPAM by the presence of amide bonds, but keeping the amine AB2 as the branching center and (iv) Fr6chet-type dendritic strnctures, based on ether and phenyl groups as AB2 branching center. Description of the different types of covalent dendrimers reported will follow a classification based on the element content, such as only C, C-N, N-O, C-N-0, or with heteroatoms such as P, Si, and so on. Examples of porphyrin-, thiophene-, carbohydrate-, and fullerene-based dendrimers are described separately, since they can be bound to different types of frameworks. 

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