PAM-Surf

Surfactant-acrylamide Polymers. Copolymers of acrylamide and alkylarylpoly(ethoxy)-acrylate were prepared using standard free radical solution polymerization techniques. The alkylarylpoly(ethoxy)-acrylate monomers referred to as Surf" monomers were water dispersible and thus additional surfactants were not needed to effect random copolymerization. These so called "PAM-SURF" polymers were prepared with a variety of Surf monomers containing different amounts of ethylene oxide and different alkylaryl functionality. 

The third approach to hydrophobically associating polymers avoided the need for a surfactant during polymerization by employing a water dispersible surfactant like monomer such as an alkylaryl poly(etheroxy)acrylate in conjunction with acrylamide to form the PAM-SURF copolymers.With this approach the relative amounts of ethylene oxide to hydrophobic alkylaryl group were used to provide a balance between water dispersibility of the hydrophobic monomer and association in solution. The incorporation of this monomer and sequencing depended on the relative amounts of ethylene oxide and hydrophobic portion of the monomer. The use of an arene group in the hydrophobic portion enabled UV spectroscopy to be used to determine monomer incorporation. 

A comparison of typical recipes for synthesizing RAM and PAM-Surf polymers is shown in Table 1.1 [20]. 

FIGURE 7.33 Flocculation response of alumina suspension with dual polymer systems. , C-PAM alone 0, PSS alone O, PSS and C-PAM A, C-PAM after PSS , PSS after C-PAM. (From Yu, X. and Soma-sundaran, P, Colloids Surf., 81, 17, 1993. With permission.)... 

Tanuma, S., Powell, C.J., Pam, D.R. Calculation of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) VIL Reliability of the TPP-2M IMFP predictive equation. Surf. Into-f e Anal. 35, 268-275 (2003)... 

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