Packing ferroelectrics

An arbitrary H2/CO ratio was obtained by controlling the ration of H20 to C02., while the reaction was also improved by packing ferroelectric into the discharge gap. The energy conversion efficiency was shown to decrease with the water content... 

Mizuno, A. and Ito. H. Basic performance of an electrostatically augmented filter consisting of a packed ferroelectric pellet layer / Electrostat., 1990, 23,97-107... 

F. 4.15 Possible bowl phases forms of molecules (a) and bowls (b), polar and non-polar columns cmtsisting of bowl molecules (c), and two types of column packing, ferroelectric (left) and antiferroelectric (right) (d)... 

In sodium nitrite the ferroelectric polarization only occurs in one direction. In BaTiOs it is not restricted to one direction. BaTiOs has the structure of a distorted perovskite between 5 and 120 °C. Due to the size of the Ba2+ ions, which form a closest packing of spheres together with the oxygen atoms, the octahedral interstices are rather too large for... 

The Tokyo Tech group assigned a C2 structure for the layers in the B2 phase, and ferroelectric packing of such layers to form a locally polar C2v macroscopic structure, as indicated in Figure 8.20. Other early workers in the field also adopted this structural model for the B2 phase. Brand et al. had discussed a C2 smectic chevron structure in their 1992 theoretical study,29 and while they seem to be referring to an all-anticlinic bilayer smectic, their actual graphic is basically identical to that shown in Figure 8.20. Furthermore,... 

Cubed compound, in PVC siding manufacture, 25 685 Cube lattice, 8 114t Cubic boron nitride, 1 8 4 654 grinding wheels, 1 21 hardness in various scales, l 3t physical properties of, 4 653t Cubic close-packed (CCP) structure, of spinel ferrites, 11 60 Cubic ferrites, 11 55-57 Cubic geometry, for metal coordination numbers, 7 574, 575t. See also Cubic structure Cubic symmetry Cubic silsesquioxanes (CSS), 13 539 Cubic structure, of ferroelectric crystals, 11 94-95, 96 Cubic symmetry, 8 114t Cubitron sol-gel abrasives, 1 7 Cucurbituril inclusion compounds,... 

Another possibility to transform the non-ferroelectric into the ferroelectric phase is by application of an electrical field [38]. Poling at room temperature causes a transformation similar to that obtained by drawing [38], However, compositions with high VF2 content which do not contain a minimum amount of disorder as that found in the melt solidified samples, show no significant improvement of molecular packing as a result of poling treatment [59,60]. 

When the temperature is below 193 K, the orthorhomic form further transforms to the hexagonal system in space group D h - P63/mmc. The O2- and Ba2+ ions together form close packed layers and stack in the sequenceABCACB and the Ti4+ ions occupy the octahedral interstices composed only of O2-anions. In this layer stacked structure, the A layers have horizontal mirror symmetry as shown in Fig. 10.4.2(d). Two-thirds of the TiC>6 octahedra share faces to form the Ti2C>9 group, in which the Ti-Ti distance is 267 pm, as represented by a line. This centrosymmetrical crystal is non-ferroelectric. 

Dynamic Random Access Memory FeRAM = Ferroelectric Random Access Memory HCP = Hexagonal close packed HREM = High-resolution electron microscopy HTB = Hexagonal tungsten bronze MPTBh = Monophosphate tungsten bronzes with hexagonal tunnels MPTBp =... 

Figure 6.39. The molecular packing of unwound samples (a) ferroelectric and (b) anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals. (From Goodby et al, 1993.)...

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