Oxygen membranes cycle plants

Oxygen membranes for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants... 

The hybrid sulphur (HyS) cycle utilises the same H2S04 decomposer and acid concentration section as the S-I plant. The S02 electrolysers are polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology. The hydrogen plant is coupled to two NHSS and produces 4.0 kg/s of product. Oxygen is sold as a by-product. The Rankine bottoming cycle generates 133 MWe for the electrolysis section and an additional 198 MWe is imported. 

Fig. 4.7. The Z scheme of the higher plant photosynthetic chain visualized as an arrangement of multiprotein complexes. The two RC of PSII and PSI are arranged in parallel across the membrane and are intereonnected by the b /f complex. The electron transfer pathway within this complex follows a modified Q cycle scheme analogous to that proposed for bacterial photosynthesis. The oxygen-evolving complex is proposed to face the inner thylakoid lumen and to release protons in this compartment. The association of cytochrome 6-559 with PSII-RC and the cyclic role of ferredoxin are also depicted. Proton-binding and proton-releasing sites are illustrated (from Ref. 93).

Another NG-fired OTM-based oxy-fuel plant is the zero emission ion transport membrane oxygen power (ZEITMOP) cycle (Fig. 10.11) proposed by Yantovski and co-authors. The cycle is based on a supercritical CO2 cycle, where CO2 is compressed in an intercooled compressor to over 200 bar, heated in a recuperative heat exchanger and expanded in a high pressure turbine to 15 bar. It is then used as sweep gas in an OTM, where it is enriched with O2 separated from a stream of compressed air. The CO2/O2 flow is used as oxidant in a NG combustor which produces high temperature oxidized gas to be expanded to nearly ambient temperature in a low pressure turbine. Efficiencies of 50.4-52.0% with virtually zero CO2 emissions are reported. " A reactive membrane configuration can also be adopted to reduce the required membrane surface area. In this case, cycle efficiency... 

Figure 13.4 Integration of an oxygen transport membranes (OTM) permeator in a gas turbine of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant.

All organisms carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis contain the plant sulphoUpid, sulphoquinovosyMacylglycerol, as a major component of their thylakoid membranes. The lipid was first discovered by Benson and co-workers, and, in some marine algae, may represent up to half of the total lipids. Thus, the plant sulpholipid is a very significant membrane component and makes a major contribution to the sulphur cycle [1,2]. 

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