Oxygen-containing plastics

C j 4 alkyl group) 0.5—8.0%, and binder 15—45%. The binder contains 15—45% polymeric material, such as poly (vinyl acetate) or polyfvinyl chloride) with the lower alkyl esters of NC and 65— 85% oxygenated hydrocarbon plasticizers (such as lower alkylene glycols their oxalates, maleates, diglycolates or nitrodiphenyl ethers, etc). E.g. AN 78, Prussian Blue 3, N-amino-alkylmorpholine 3) binder 12, carbon black 3 MgO I%]... 

Another way of using plastics as fuels is their direct combustion. The oxidative pyrolysis of PET has been investigated in several cases. Oxidative pyrolysis means that instead of an inert atmosphere an oxygen-containing gas was used. In this case pyrolysis can occur, if oxygen can not reach the particle surface due to efflux of volatiles or diffusional resistances at boundary layers, or if oxidative conditions do not affect the kinetics and mechanism of the pyrolytic processes [41]. 

While oxygen-containing polymers have received more attention other heteroatom-containing polymers have also been studied. In addition to homopolymers, copolymers containing more than one monomer has also received attention. Further, modifications of homopolymers by plasticizers, or crosslinking, or grafting to improve the properties of the polymers towards polymer-salt complex formation or increasing the dimensional stability of the materials has also been a focus of research. 

The polymerization of ethylene derivatives has recently become extremely important for the manufacture of plastics. Certain substituents in ethylene — those that increase the polarization — increase both the extent and the rate of polymerization. Such substituents are aromatic groups (as in styrene), oxygen-containing groups (as in acrolein, acrylic esters, and vinyl esters and ethers), and halogens (as in vinyl chloride). Multiplication of these substituents, however, depresses or completely suppresses the tendency to polymerize for instance, stilbene gives only a dimer when illuminated in benzene.14... 

Substances that are sensitive to oxidation should be protected from the ingress of oxygen into the container. Plastic containers are more permeable to oxygen, when compared to glass and aluminium ones. Different types of plastics are more or less permeable to oxygen. 

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