Oxygen-assisted thermal evaporation

I-D ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized by oxygen assisted thermal evaporation of zinc on a qdartz surface over a large area.191 Pattern- and feature-designed growth of ZnO nanowire arrays for vertical devices has been accomplished by following a pre-designed pattern and feature with controlled site, shape, distribution and orientation.192... 

The central problem in the study of ionic conduction is to discover the details of the atomic transport processes involved in the growth of films. This will be discussed in the first part of this review. The electronic conductivity is of considerable theoretical interest and is of great practical importance for microelectronic devices. We discuss the system in which a thin metal counterelectrode replaces the electrolyte solution in which the oxide was made. Thermionic and field assisted emission, tunneling processes, impurity band conduction, and space-charge limited currents, have to be considered. We shall draw on results for oxide films made by other processes, such as evaporation and thermally promoted reaction with oxygen. 

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