Absorbed oxygen

M. De Crescenzi. Phys. Rev. Letts. 30,1949,1987. Use of surface electron energy-loss fine structure (SEELFS) to determine oxygen-nickel bond length changes for oxygen absorbed on Ni (100) on a function of coverage from 0 to 1.0 monolayer. 

Apart from this gravitational effect, there are composition changes due to chemical reactions induced by light. These are caused by absorption of ultraviolet light in the upper atmosphere. For example, oxygen absorbs ultraviolet light and the energy taken up by the molecule exceeds the... 

Various methods have been suggested and used for the determination of stability, based on oxygen absorption. The fat is allowed to deteriorate in a closed system containing air or oxygen, and the amount of oxygen absorbed is plotted against time. Such methods are rather cumbersome and difficult to operate, although in recent years some very clever devices have been constructed which are almost automatic in operation (10,... 

The minimum oxygen utihsation rate is xjjbnvJY0l. If the system is mass-transfer limited, C, approaches zero. Then the amount of oxygen absorbed is exactly equal to the amount of oxygen consumed. Equation (3.11.8) leads to the following ... 

According to Marshall (Ref 2), Oxyliquit refers to an expl invented by Linde in 1895 (Ref 1) which consisted of liquid oxygen absorbed in wadding, charcoal, or other organic material... 

This method involves measurement of the oxidation rate of an aqueous sodium sulfite solution catalyzed by cupric or cobaltous ions. The oxygen absorbed reacts with the sulfite according to the equation ... 

The thermosphere is the outermost part of the atmosphere, above an altitude of about 85 km. Here, molecules of nitrogen and oxygen absorb X-ray radiation coming from the sun. These photons have enough energy to ionize molecules and to break chemical bonds. Here are two examples ... 

In the published literature efforts exist to plot the so-called total chemiluminescence intensity (TLI) (surface below the chemiluminescence curve) vs. amount of oxygen absorbed [15]. In some cases a straight line may be obtained. A more detailed examination of the Equation (6) reveals that rate of oxygen uptake is in fact involved, so that we have... 

It is an excellent neutron absorber used to capture neutrons in nuclear reactors to prevent a runaway fission reaction. As the boron rods are lowered into the reactor, they control the rate of fission by absorbing excess neutrons. Boron is also used as an oxygen absorber in the production of copper and other metals,... 

Figure 3. Rate of oxygen absorbed (mole X 10/mole AL/hr) and molar extinction coefficient (e) at 600 m during oxidation of acrolein in benzene solution at 35°C.

Autoxidation of Chloroprene. The oxidation was autocatalytic and up to about 5 mole % oxidation—i.e., 5 moles of oxygen absorbed per 100 moles of chloroprene initially present—the quantity (mole % oxidation)172 was a linear function of time, as observed by Kern (10). Beyond this extent the oxidation continued at a rather greater rate than given by this relation and was still accelerating at 25 mole % oxidation. Values of K in the expression... 

Using the circulating apparatus it was found that only traces of hydrogen chloride were evolved during the initial stages of autoxidation thus, at 2 mole % oxidation the mole ratio of oxygen absorbed to hydrogen chloride evolved was 435. 

Chloroprene Peroxide. The efficiency of conversion of oxygen to total peroxides and hydroperoxide at various extents of oxidation was determined by iodometric methods. At up to 12% oxidation the proportion of hydroperoxide was constant at 20% of the whole. Ferrous thiocyanate likewise estimated a constant proportion (40%) of the total peroxide. Direct analysis of oxidates was somewhat difficult since the chloroprene tended to continue oxidizing during manipulation. Total peroxide estimates on chloroprene-free solutions of peroxide in toluene showed that at 20% oxidation 84% of the oxygen absorbed was present as peroxide groups. This is a minimum value since a small amount of the peroxide may have decomposed while chloroprene was being removed at —20°C. 

In the early stages of the autoxidation of chloroprene the amount of oxygen absorbed increased as the square of the time. This dependence on time is frequently observed in autoxidations and is an approximation to that expected for an oxidation of long chain length, initiated by the first-order decomposition of the peroxidic product and terminated by a bimolecular reaction of the propagating peroxy radicals. 

In dimethyl sulfoxide (80% )-tert-butyl alcohol solution at 27° 3°C. h At complete reaction, moles oxygen absorbed per mole substrate. c In hexamethylphosphoramide solution. d tert-Butyl alcohol solution. 

KOC(CH3)3]0, Moles Oxygen Absorbed per Time, Recovered Benzhydrol,... 

Substratea Base Mmoles Oxygen Absorbed Yield of... 

Oxyliquit, invented by Linde, consisted of liquid air (or oxygen) absorbed in wadding, charcoal or other org material. As these mixts were hard to detonate, kieselguhr was substituted as absorbent with an addn of petroleum. It was inconvenient to use, as the cartridge had to be fired within 5 to 15 mins of its prepn. It was tried in Austria and used in construction of the Simplon tunnel (Ref 11, p 44)... 

Over the years, scientists have used many types of antioxidants in a variety of foods to retard or inhibit lipid oxidation and, thus, increase shelf-life and preserve quality. These antioxidants include free radical scavengers, chelators, and oxygen absorbers. While there are numerous antioxidants available to food scientists, the objective of this report was to discuss several of these antioxidants as they relate to meat flavor quality research and to show how they were used to retard lipid oxidation and prevent meat flavor deterioration in ground beef patties. 

In an aerobic fermentation, the oxygen absorbed into the culture medium is consumed by microorganisms in the medium. 

The amount of oxygen absorbed. The effect of the oxygen content absorbed by the combustible mass in the liquid phase on the explosive power is represented in Table 156. 

The term UV-Vis normally applies to radiation with a wavelength in the range 200 800 nm. There are many groups that absorb below 200 nm, but this part of the spectrum is difficult to examine (as oxygen absorbs UV radiation below 200 nm) unless the spectra are recorded in a vacuum (vacuum UV-Vis). 

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