Oxides, sonochemical synthesis

Wang Y, Tang X, Lin L, Huang W, Haochen Y, Gedanken A (2000) Sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous titanium oxide with wormhole-like framework structures. Adv Mater 12 1183-1186... 

Abstract Sonochemical synthesis, an energy efficient processing technique to induce a variety of physical and chemical transformations is on the rise. A variety of simple and mixed metal oxides and sulfides have been obtained using this technique. The present chapter reviews the types of oxides and sulfides obtained in the last few years. 

Xiong F1M, Shchukin DG, Mohwald H, Xu Y, Xia YY (2009) Sonochemical synthesis of hghly luminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium (II). Angew Chem Int Ed... 

Pinkas J, Reichlova V, Zboril R, Moravec Z, Bezdicka P, Matejkova J (2008) Sonochemical synthesis of amorphous nanoscopic iron (III) oxide from Fe(acac)3. Ultrason Sonochem... 

Wang Y, Yin L, Gedanken A (2002) Sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous transition metal and rare earth oxides. Ultrason Sonochem 9(6) 285-290... 

Over the past few years, a large number of experimental approaches have been successfully used as routes to synthesize nanorods or nanowires based on titania, such as combining sol-gel processing with electrophoretic deposition,152 spin-on process,153 sol-gel template method,154-157 metalorganic chemical vapor deposition,158-159 anodic oxidative hydrolysis,160 sonochemical synthesis,161 inverse microemulsion method,162 molten salt-assisted and pyrolysis routes163 and hydrothermal synthesis.163-171 We will discuss more in detail the latter preparation, because the advantage of this technique is that nanorods can be obtained in relatively large amounts. 

Dhas, N. A., and Gedanken, A., Sonochemical synthesis of molybdenum oxide—and molybdenum carbide-silica nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 9, 3144 (1997b). 

Metastable solutions of the monohalides AIX and GaX (X = Cl, Br, I) have been prepared using this technique, and oligomeric species (MX) -Em containing a variety of donors (E) have been crystallised. The solutions disproportionate to the trihalide and the metal (equation 2) when warmed to temperatures in the range -40 to 4-50 °C, depending on the halide, the donor, and the concentration. Species with oxidation states both higher and lower than +1 (i.e. on the path to both disproportionation products) have been isolated. The reduced species (0 < Nox < 1) are discussed in the section on metalloid clusters, and the monohahdes and more oxidized species (1 < Nox < 3) are discussed here. A sonochemical synthesis of a subvalent galhum species, possibly Gal, has also been developed. ... 

Sonochemical Synthesis of Transition Metal Oxides from the Corresponding Carbonyls... 

Such a reaction of Fe(CO)5 (at 293-363 K, PVP) without ultrasonic radiation proceeds very slowly and only after few days there, a material is formed with very low Fe content (2%, the isolated particles 2-5 nm in size). It is of interest that the sonochemical decomposition of Fe(CO)5 does not proceed in the presence of PVP if THF is used as the solvent, but the reaction is very effective when anisole is used as the solvent and PFO is used as the polymer matrix [93]. A black product formed contains up to 10% (in mass) of the spheric particles of nonoxidized Fe (mainly y-Fe, with little content of a-Fe) with 1-12 nm in size (the mean diameter is 3nm, as shown in Figure 3.7). It is likely that the big particles present the flocks of little ones ( 2-2.5nm). The sonochemical synthesis allows us to produce the functionalized amorphous nanoparticles of ferric oxide with 5-16 nm in diameter [94]. The ultrasonic irradiation in the PFO presence allows us to also produce the stabilized nanoparticles of copper, gold, and so on. In the literature the findings are not about the bimetallic particle formation in the ultrasonic fields by carbonyl metal reduction in the polymer matrices presence (as, for example, in the case of the carbon-supported Pt-Ru from PtRu5C(CO)i6 reduced clusters [95]). 

Srivastava. D.N. Perkas. N. Gedanken, A. Felner. I. Sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous iron oxide and... 

If the reaction occurs in the boundary region, the nanoparticles acquire a form of nanotubes, nanorods and alike [249]. For instance, sonochemical synthesis of the vanadium oxide nanorods by treating bulk V2O5 with high intensity sonochemical technique has been described in [252]. 

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