Oxidation states group 4 metals

Contents Formal Oxidation Numbers. Configurations in Atomic Spectroscopy. Characteristics of Transition Group Ions. Internal Transitions in Partly Filled Shells. Inter-Shell Transitions. Electron Transfer Spectra and Collectively Oxidized Ligands. Oxidation States in Metals and Black Semi-Conductors. Closed-Shell Systems, Hydrides and Back-Bonding. Homopolar Bonds and Catenation. Quanticule Oxidation States. Taxological Quantum Chemistry. 

The high formal oxidation states of metals in some of these adducts is noteworthy, e.g., Fe(IV) (entries 17 and 18), Ru(IV) (entries 21 and 22), and Pt(IV) (entries 55 and 56). Such adducts are important because they provide definite examples of species often postulated as intermediates in oxidative addition-reductive elimination processes (compare Section II,G,1) and in homogeneous catalysis (134,220a, 410a). In the case of germanium, a tris(germyl) adduct of Pt(IV) has been described (57), but no more than two silyl groups per metal atom are known to result from oxidative addition. 

The oxides of the Group 15 elements clearly exemplify two important trends that are manifest to some extent in all main groups of the Periodic Table (1) the stability of the higher oxidation state decreases with increasing atomic number, and (2) in a given oxidation state the metallic character of the elements, therefore the basicity of the oxides, increases with increasing atomic number. Thus Pm and Asra oxides are acidic, Sb111 oxide is amphoteric, and Bim oxide is strictly basic. 

What are the effective oxidation states of metals and organic groups ... 

Asymmetrical tetradentate trianionic SB ligands bearing both amide and imine groups which are capable of stabilizing high oxidation states of metal ions when coordinated to deprotonated nitrogen have been prepared and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.86 The Mnm complexes were prepared electrochemically by oxidation of a Mn anode in an acetonitrile solution of the ligand.86... 

Oxidation state (transition metal and main group element)... 

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