Oxidation autothermal

Methane-Oxygen (Partial Oxidation) Autothermal Reforming2 Oil-Steam... 

Measure the emissions from a partial oxidation/autothermal fuel processor for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system under both cold-start and normal operating conditions. 

Reversed-flow gas chromatography (RF-GC) has been successfully used to characterize solid catalysts under conditions compatible with the operation of real catalysts. RF-GC is not limited to chromatographic separation since RF-GC is accompanied by suitable mathematical analysis of the chromatographic data, the simultaneous determination of various physicochemical parameters is possible. Thus, various catalytic processes related to the operation of fuel cell units such as steam reforming, catal3dic partial oxidation, autothermal reforming, as well as water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and selective CO oxidation can be studied. 

Platinum is prone to CO adsorption at temperatures of around 100 °C and below. For this reasOTi, care has to be taken with respect to the purity of hydrogen, in particular for hydrogen hberated from a C-containing fuel by a reforming process (steam reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal refomting). 

Hydrogen sulfide decomposition H2S O.5S2 + H2 Partial oxidation autothermal processes 79.9... 

For a systematic structure, it is practical to distinguish between the actual synthesis gas generation and the synthesis gas processing. In processes requiring more or less pure oxygen (partial oxidation, autothermal reforming), the air separation plant that may have to be installed has to be considered with regard to the selection of the process and the economic evaluation [5.23]. 

The first observation of sensitivity-stability was reported by Liljenroth (1918) in connection with the autothermal operation of ammonia oxidation reactors. Papers of Damkdhler (1937) and Wagner (1945) went unnoticed. At Union Carbide Corp. Perkins (1938) used zero order kinetics to define a safe range for ethylene oxidation in an unpublished report. His result,... 

Oxidations of ammonia display ignition/extinction characteristics and auto-thermal reaction behavior. At low heat supply, only low conversion is observed and temperature remains nearly constant. With increasing heat supply and approaching a certain temperature, the reaction heat generated can no longer be transferred completely totally to the reactor construction material. At this stage, the reaction starts up . Suddenly, the temperature is raised by increased heat production until heat generation and removal are in balance. The reaction can now be carried out without a need for external heat supply, namely in autothermal mode. 

Partial methane oxidation comprises very high rates so that high space-time yields can be achieved (see original citations in [3]). Residence times are in the range of a few milliseconds. Based on this and other information, it is believed that syngas facilities can be far smaller and less costly in investment than reforming plants. Industrial partial oxidation plants are on the market, as e.g. provided by the Syntroleum Corporation (Tulsa, OK, USA). Requirements for such processes are operation at elevated pressure, to meet the downstream process requirements, and autothermal operation. 

ATR(l) [Autothermal reforming] A process for making CO-enriched syngas. It combines partial oxidation with adiabatic steam-reforming. Developed in the late 1950s for ammonia and methanol synthesis. Further developed in the 1990s by Haldor Topsoe. 

CAR [Combined autothermal reforming] A "reforming process for making "syngas from light hydrocarbons, in which the heat is provided by partial oxidation in a section of the reactor. Developed by Uhde and commercialized at an oil refinery at Strazske, Slovakia, in 1991. 

SWITGTHERM A catalytic process for oxidizing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It involves regenerative heat exchange, which permits autothermal operation at VOC concentrations in the range 250 to 650 ppm. Developed in Poland and now used in over 100 installations there. 

Oxidative Steam Reforming (OSR) / Autothermal Reforming of Ethanol... 

Oxidative steam reforming/autothermal reforming of ethanol... 

Fig. 11 Free energy changes in the oxidative steam reforming/autothermal reforming of ethanol, acetaldehyde and methane.

Table 7 References on oxidative steam reforming (OSR) and autothermal reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production... 

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