Oxidation American Chemical

B. K. Warren and S. T. Oyama, Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1996. 

Gaffney, A. M. Sofranko, J. A. Symposium on Catalytic Selective Oxidation, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1992, 1273-1279. 

G. Centi and F. Trifiro, Preprints Symposium on Hydrocarbon Oxidation, American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, New Orleans Meeting August 30-September 4,1987,754 Catalysis Today, 3 (1988) 151. 

Alpers CN, Blowes DW (eds) (1994) Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation. American Chemical Society, Washington DC... 

Cravotta, C. a.. III. 1994. Secondary iron-sulfate minerals as sources of sulfate and acidity. In Alpers, C. N. Blowes, D. W. (eds) Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 550, 345-364. 

Fig. XVin-6. Curve-fitted Mo XPS 3d spectra of a 5 wt% Mo/Ti02 catalyst (a) in the oxidic +6 valence state (b) after reduction at 304°C. Doublets A, B, and C refer to Mo oxidation states +6, +5, and +4, respectively [37]. (Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society copyright 1974.)...

Fig. XVIII-20. Spectra of pyridine adsorbed on a water-containing molybdenum oxide (IV)-Al203 catalyst L and B indicate features attributed to pyridine adsorbed on Lewis and Brpnsted acid sites, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 191. Copyright 1976 American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. XVIII-27. Specific rates of CO oxidation on single crystal and supported catalysts as a function of temperature. (From Ref 308. Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society, copyright 1988.)...

Figure C1.5.12.(A) Fluorescence decay of a single molecule of cresyl violet on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface measured by time-correlated single photon counting. The solid line is tire fitted decay, a single exponential of 480 5 ps convolved witli tire instmment response function of 160 ps fwiim. The decay, which is considerably faster tlian tire natural fluorescence lifetime of cresyl violet, is due to electron transfer from tire excited cresyl violet (D ) to tire conduction band or energetically accessible surface electronic states of ITO. (B) Distribution of lifetimes for 40 different single molecules showing a broad distribution of electron transfer rates. Reprinted witli pennission from Lu andXie [1381. Copyright 1997 American Chemical Society.

W C, A Tempcz)rrk, R C Hawley and T Hendrickson 1990. Semianalytical Treatment of Solvation for Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics. Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 6127-6129. ensson M, S Humbel, R D J Froese, T Matsubara, S Sieber and K Morokuma 1996. ONIOM A Multilayered Integrated MO + MM Method for Geometry Optimisations and Single Point Energy Predictions. A Test for Diels-Alder Reactions and Pt(P(t-Bu)3)2 + H2 Oxidative Addition. Journal of Physical Chemistry 100 19357-19363. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. The principal producers in the United States are U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp., North American Chemicals Co., and American Borate Corp. Their combined aimual capacity in 1989 was reported to be 735,000 metric tons of equivalent boron oxide [1303-86-2], B2O2 (20). Of this toimage, 50% is exported. About 30% of boron compounds are used in glass fiber insulation. Another 30% is used in other type fibers and borosihcate glasses. Boron is also used in soaps and detergents, fire retardants, and agriculture (see Boron compounds). 

Fig. 9. Reaction pathways for oxidized diearbocyanine dyes. Courtesy of the American Chemical Society.

Figure 46. Separation of the overall oxidation curve into its two components a relaxation curve, responsible for the initial slope and the position of the chronoamperometric maximum, and a diffusion curve that controls the overall shape of the chronoampero-gram. (Reprinted from T. F. Otero, H.-J. Grande, and J. Rodriguez, J. Phys. Chem. 101, 3688, 1997, Figs. 1, 3, 6, 7, 13. Copyright 1997. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the measurement of the ionic conductivity of a conducting polymer membrane as a function of oxidation state (potential), (a) Pt electrodes (b) potentiostat (c) gold minigrid (d) polymer film (e) electrolyte solution (0 dc or ac resistance measurement.133 (Reprinted with permission from J. Am Chem Soc. 104, 6139-6140, 1982. Copyright 1982, American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 3.-/. Operating principle of a solid oxide fuel cell (a) and of a chemical cogenerator (b).41 Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Figure 5.5. (a) Dependence of the NEMCA relaxation time constant x on 2FNc/I for C2H4 epoxidation on Agu and (b) for CO, C2H4 and CH3OH oxidation on Pt and Ag.12 Adapted from ref. 11 and reprinted from ref. 12 with permission from the American Chemical Society and from Elsevier Science respectively. 

Figure 6.8. Example of rule G3 (volcano-type behaviour) Effect of Ph2(=Pd) (a), Po2 (=Pa) (b) and of potential UWR and AO (c) on the rate of H2 oxidation on Pt /graphite (a and b) and Pt/black (c) in aqueous 0.1 M KOH solutions.72,73 Note that under the pH2, Po2 conditions of Fig. 6.7c the open-circuit rate is positive order in H2 (Fig. 6.8a) and negative order in 02 (Fig. 6,8b) and that the orders are reversed with the applied positive potential (Uwr=1 -2 V). At this potential the rate passes through its maximum (volcano) value (Fig. 6.8c). Reprinted with permission from McMillan Magazines Ltd (ref. 72) and from the American Chemical Society (ref. 73).

For lists of some of the oxidizing agents used, with references, see Hudlicky, M. Oxidations in Organic Chemistry American Chemical Society Washington, 1990, p. 174 Ref. 92, p. 838 Srivastava, R.G. Venkataramani, P.S. Synth. Commun., 1988, 18, 2193. See also Haines, A.H. Ref. 207. 

Fig. 2. Relationship between the logarithms of the rate coefficients (Atj. 2) and the logarithms of the equilibrium constants (Jfi.i) for the oxidation of various substituted Fe(II)-phenanthroline complexes by Mn(III) in 1 A/ and 3 Af HCIO4 at 25.0 °C. (From Diebler and Sutin, by courtesy of The American Chemical Society.)...

Trzcinskabancroft, B., Knachel, H., Dudis, D., Delord, T.J. and Marler, D.O. (1985) Experimental And Theoretical-Studies Of Dinudear Gold(I) And Gold(II) Phosphorus Ylide Complexes - Oxidative Addition, Halide Exchange, And Structural-Properties Including The Crystal And Molecular-Structures Of [Au (CH2)2PPh2]2 And [Au(CH2)2PPh2]2(CH3) Bri. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 107(24), 6908-6915. 

Burgel, C., Reilly, N.M., Johnson, G.E., Mitric, R., Kimble, M.L., Castleman, A.W. and Bonacic-Koutecky, V. (2008) Influence of Charge State on the Mechanism of CO Oxidation on Gold Clusters. Journal ofthe American Chemical Society, 130, 1694-1698. 

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of core/shell nanoparticle formation via redox transmetalation process. Metal ions (Mu) of reactant metal complexes (Mn-L ) are reduced on the surface of Mi nanoparticles while neutral Mi atoms are oxidized to Mi " by forming a Mi-ligand complex (Mi-Lj) as a resultant reaction byproduct. Repeating this process results in the complete coverage of shell layers on core metals. (Reprinted from Ref [145], 2005, with permission from American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 8. Rate of carbon monoxide oxidation on calcined Pt cube monolayer as a function of temperature [27]. The square root of the SFG intensity as a function of time was fit with a first-order decay function to determine the rate of CO oxidation. Inset is an Arrhenius plot for the determination of the apparent activation energy by both SFG and gas chromatography. Reaction conditions were preadsorbed and 76 Torr O2 (flowing). (Reprinted from Ref. [27], 2006, with permission from American Chemical Society.)...

St Angelo, A.J. (ed.). (1992). Lipid Oxidation in Food . American Chemical Society Series 500, Washington, DC. 

Figure 8.8 Series of iniiared spectra during (a) CO2 production and (b) progressive oxidation of COaj[ on Pt3Sn(l 11) in 0.5 M H2SO4 saturated with CO each spectrum was accumulated ftom 50 interferometers at the potential indicated, (c, d) LEED pattern and schematic representation of the p(4 X 4) structure observed on PtsSnflll) after exposing the surface to O2 and electrolyte. The gray dicles are Pt surface atoms, the black circles are Sn atoms covered with OH, and the dotted circles are Sn atoms that are chemically different from Sn atoms modified with OH. (Reprinted with permission from Stamenkovic et al. [2003]. Copyright 1999. The American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 17.16 Electrocatalytic H2 oxidation by Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 membrane-bound hydrogenase on a PGE RDE in the presence of O2. The eiectrode is rotated at 2000 revmin and poiarized at +0.142 V vs, SHE in buffered aqueous solution at pH 5.6 and 30 °C, close to 1 bar H2. Reprinted with permission from Vincent et al. [2007]. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society.

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