Other Staple Systems

AH synthetic fibers are produced as continuous filaments, either as yams or tows. Yams are fine enough to be woven or knitted direcdy, but caimot be intimately blended with other fibers on the principal conversion systems used for cotton or wool. For these processes, staple fibers, made by cutting the much larger tows into short lengths, are needed. Tows can also be stretch broken into sHvers or tops, which can then be drawn out and twisted into spun-yams. 

Staple is used directly in the manufacturing of nonwoven fabrics (qv) (127) and spun into yam through the cotton, worsted, and woolen systems in 100% form or in blends with other synthetic or natural fibers (128,129). 

Packaging waste is normally recovered from one of two sources. The first is the waste which is not used by the converter (i.e. the maker of the package) and the second is from the packages which are discarded at the point of sale. The former is relatively free of contaminates whereas the latter may contain adhesives, plastics, staples and other contraries . Many countries, including the UK, have developed very efficient collection and recovery systems for packaging material from wholesale and retail outlets. For example in 1991, the Japanese were recovering almost 70% of corrugated containers from this source. 

Cellulose is soluble in a wide range of solvents from which it can be regenerated in unadulterated (crystalline) form [13]. This is accomplished in either fiber (especially staple fiber) form, in filament form or in any other form (sheets or films, sponges, etc.). Cellulose solvents are divided into derivatizing and nonderivatizing solvent systems [73]. The principle of deriva-... 

The results of this lowering of the FDA limits on the aflatoxins would present two alternatives to producers and distributors of staple foods. The first would relegate the use of the mold afflicted foods and grains to only non-food purposes such as cattle fodder or oil production. The other possibility would entail the implementation of a prevention-cure system in which either,... 

Fruits have long been valued as a foodstuff owing to their pleasant flavor and aroma, and attractive appearance however, the use of fruits as a staple in the diet has only become possible in the past century through the development of canning and other bulk preservation techniques, and improvements in transportation and storage systems. The increased awareness of the importance of a nutritionally balanced diet has also contributed to the increased consumption of fruit and fruit products. 

A level of automation using a twin gun system can be achieved by applying the reinforcement as a roving, which is chopped in one gun and the cut staple combined with resin that has been admixed in the correct proportions in the other gun. The admixing in the gun can be carried out, with latest equipment, within the gun to curtail emissions, and the chopped reinforcement/mixed resin spluttered onto the mold. Emissions are reduced by using... 

Advanced composite n. Polymer, resin, or other matrix-material system in which reinforcement is accomphshed via high-strength, high-modulus materials in continuous filament form or is discontinuous form such as staple fibers, filberts, and in-situ dispersions. Harper CA (2002) Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

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