Other methods of calculating thermodynamic changes accompanying growth

Other methods of calculating thermodynamic changes accompanying growth. 

If they happen to be available, it is always best to use calorimetric instruments to measure the thermal exchanges accompanying microbial growth, the combustion of dried cells, or entropy determinations. These sorts of procedures have been described above. On the other hand, if calorimetric instruments are not available, there are indirect ways of calculating thermodynamic changes that do not require direct thermal measurements. These methods constitute what has come to be called indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry does not require the expensive calorimetric devices required for direct measurement. Even if calorimeters are available, the measurements may not mean a great deal if it is not known 

Comparison of the calculated thermodynamic changes accompanying growth using an ion-containing unit carbon formula (ICUCF), an ion-free unit carbon formula (IFUCF), and a potassium-containing unit carbon formula (KCUCF) for the cells. 

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