Other Metal Oxide Based ETLs

Other low work function metal oxides such as CUjO, TajO and Zr02 are also reported in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), although there are relatively few reports that these metal oxides can be utilized in OSCs. For example, TajOj-ZnO film was demonstrated to be an ETL buffer layer that increased the PCE of a P3HT PCgoBM cell from 3.7% to 4.12%. It was suggested that the Ta-O-Zn bonds formed in the ETL were beneficial to the overall PCE, and 

3 Doped and Hybrid Metal Oxides for Enhaneed Eleetron Transport of ETL 

As a result, the photocurrent and thus the deviee performanee of the OPVs are increased considerably. 

By optimizing the concentration ratio of the Au NPs in the NP-TiO the /sc and FF of OSCs with various polymer active layers are notably increased, and 

Schematic diagram of the process for plasmonic-induced charge injection. (Reprinted from ref. 66, with permission from John Wiley and Sons, http //onlinelibrary.wiley.eom/doi/10.1002/adfm.201203776/abstract.) 

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