Other macrocyclic compounds

The preputial (musk) gland of the muskrat contains a number of macrocyclic ketones, such as isomers of civetone (cis-9-cycloheptadecenone), the main odourous component of the secretion of the civet. In the muskrat the main macrocyclic component is the cis-5-isomer of civetone (Figure 9). The glands of both animals also contain a number of other macrocyclic compounds and a variety of fatty acids (24,25,26) which could be precursors of macrocyclic ketones and alcohols as proposed by Stevens in 1945... 

Enantiomerically pure non-proteinogenic amino acids have attracted recent attention due to their antibiotic [1], antifungal [2], cytotoxic [3], and other important pharmacological properties [4]. Frequently, they also occur incorporated in natural products, such as peptides, depsipeptides, and other macrocyclic compounds. Other important applications are to serve as building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. A specifically prominent class of them are cyclic 3- and y-amino acids, the subject to which the present chapter is dedicated. 

Recently, there have been reports on other macrocyclic compounds involving diorganotin carboxylates. " Some examples are shown in Figure 2.4.5. A 48-membered macrocycle containing 18... 

As a side product of the one-pot synthesis of calixarenes, compound 23 was isolated already in early studies. Here four f-butylphenol units were linked by three —CH2—bridges and one —CH2—O—CH2—bridge which explains the name bishomooxacalix[4]arene . Various other macrocyclic compounds are known now, in which the —CH2—bridges... 

Specific Electrodes. Many ionophores, such as valinomycin and other macrocyclic compounds (9, 24), have been incorporated into BLMs and have made these membranes ion-specific as well as selective. Another system of interest is iodine-containing BLM, which is specific to iodide (2). The presence of other ions such as Cl-, SO4-, or F- does not interfere with the electrode response to I-. The behavior of iodine-containing BLM is reminiscent of metallic electrodes that are reversible to ions or their salts (e.g., Ag, Ag+, and AgCl). A variety of compounds can and have been incorporated into BLM to make them useful in biosensor devices (14, 24, 64). 

Other Macrocyclic Compounds.- The purinophane (66) is a useful model for the study of the stacking interactions in DNA. X-Ray... 

In this chapter, first, the assembled structures of the cyclic pentamers, pillar[5]arenes, and cyclic hexamers, pillar[6]arenes, in the crystal state are discussed. They have been most widely used because they can be obtained in relatively good yields. Pillar[5]- and pillar[6]arenes possess clear cylindrical pillar-shaped structures when compared with other macrocyclic compounds. Therefore, it is envisioned that the assembled structures of pillar[n]arenes in the crystal state should be easily analyzed and this pre-organized conformation will facilitate the formation of herringbone, one-dimensional channel and slipped-stacked pillar[w]arenes. It has been revealed that the assembled structures of pillar[n]arenes largely depend on the ring size, substituents and solvents used to obtain the single crystal. The assembled structures of pil-lar[ ]arenes contribute to the gas and organic vapor adsorption properties. 

Other macrocyclic compounds such as cyclodextrins (CD) can be also polymerized and then used as ion carriers for transport of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The hydrophobic CD polymers have been used as ion carriers for separation of transition metal cations from dilute aqueous solutions by transport across polymer inclusion membranes. Recent developments of the CD polymers application in sorption processes of heavy metal ion from aqueous solution will be also presented in this chapter. It is also shown that hydrophilic, water soluble CD polymers obtained by cross-linking of CD with... 

Other macrocyclic compounds presumably of polyketide origin such as okilac-tomycin (136) and terpestacin (139), both possessing antitumoral activity, were... 

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