Ostwald solubility

The Ostwald solubility coefficient is, therefore, independent of the partial pressure. 

A 1. Symbol for molar conductivity of an electrolyte. 2. Symbol for Ostwald solubility coefficient. 

ISOTONIC BUFFERS OSTWALD RIPENING OSTWALD SOLUBILITY COEFFICIENT... 

The Ostwald solubility coefficient j3, i.e. the ratio of the concentration of the dissolved substance in the solution phase to the concentration of the dissolved substance in the gas phase is, at 297.5 K, 0.201. In the pressure range of 100 to 700 mmHg it is independent of pressure so that, at least below 1 atm, Henry s law is obeyed. With increasing temperature / decreases and reaches a value of 0.137 at 323.2 K. The enthalpy of solution calculated from the temperature dependence of P is -2.95 0.1 kcal/mol 9. 

The inhalational anesthetics have distinctly different solubility (affinity) characteristics in blood as well as in other tissues. These solubility differences are usually expressed as coefficients and indicate the number of volumes of a particular agent distributed in one phase, as compared with another, when the partial pressure is at equilibrium (Table 25.3). For example, isoflurane has a blood-to-gas partition coefficient (often referred to as the Ostwald solubility coefficient) of approximately 1.4. Thus, when the partial pressure has reached equilibrium, blood will contain 1.4 times as much isoflurane as an equal volume of alveolar air. The volume of the various anesthetics required to saturate blood is similar to that needed to saturate other body tissues (Table 25.3) that is, the blood-tissue partition coefficient is usually not more than 4 (that of adipose tissue is higher). 

C) An agent with a high Ostwald solubility coefficient... 

The Ostwald solubility coefficient L is the gas-liquid partition coefficient defined as ... 

Ostwald solubility parameter linear solvation energy relationships (O cavity term)... 

In anaesthetic practice, an alternative solubility coefficient, the Ostwald solubility coefficient, is preferred. This coefficient is defined as the volume of gas which dissolves in a unit volume of the liquid at the given temperature. The volume of gas is not corrected to standard temperature and pressure but instead is measured at the temperature and pressure concerned. The important difference between these two coefficients is that the Ostwald coefficient is independent of pressure, as we can see from the following example. 

Ostwald solubility coefficient. The graph shows that an anaesthetic gas with a high oil solubility is effective at a low alveolar concentration and has a high potency. This relationship is the basis of the Meyer-Overton hypothesis of anaesthesia. 

Anaesthetic gases such as ether which have a high blood solubility (Ostwald solubility coefficient in blood is 12) are transported away from the lungs more rapidly than those such as halothane (Ostwald coefficient = 2.3) and nitrous oxide (Ostwald coefficient = 0.47). As... 

The solubility of a gas in a liquid may be expressed by the Ostwald solubility coefficient, which is the volume of gas dissolved in unit volume of liquid at a given temperature, or as the Bunsen s absorption coefficient, in which the temperature and pressure are reduced to standard conditions. The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases with increase of temperature at constant pressure and is directly proportional to pressure at a constant temperature (Henry s law). 

The only tricky thing about Bunson and Ostwald solubility coefficients is that they represent a volume of gas per volume of solvent (not solution). Because gases increase the volume of the solution when they dissolve into it, a correction has to be made for this difference. The correction is significant and on the order of 0.14% (Weiss, 1971). The values presented in Table 3.6 have not been corrected for this effect, and since this is a potential point of confusion, we will use the Henry s Law coefficient most often in this book. 

The parameter is the —> Ostwald solubility coefficient on w-hexadecane at 298 K it includes... 

Ostwald solubility coefficient physico-chemical properties (0 partition coefficients)... 

Gas-solvent partition coefficient is known as the Ostwald solubility coefficient L and is usually written in the logarithmic form as [Katritzky, Mu et al., 1996a Katritzky,... 

I — the Ostwald Solubility Expression which represents the ratio of the volume (v) of gas absorbed at any pressure and temperature, to the volume... 

Results in terms of the Ostwald solubility expression, see page 105. 

Results in terms of the Ostwald Solubility Expression (Z). See p. 105. In Hydrochloric Acid. In Nitric Acid. In Sulphuric Acid. 

For values of p and p, see Ethane, page 133. / — Ostwald Solubility Expression. See page 105. 

Pesults in terms of the Ostwald Solubility Expression. See page 105. 

Henry solubility coefficient of component i non dimensional (Ostwald solubility coefficient). 

Additional experimental data of direct relevance to this chapter are the many thermodynamic measurements of gas solubiHty. An extensive set of experimental measmements below water s normal boiling point have been compiled and reviewed by Wilhelm, Battino, and Wilcock. Solubility data at higher temperatures are available from a more recent article by Fernandez Prini and Crovetto. Gas solubilities are often tabulated in terms of the Ostwald solubility coefficient... 

The solubilities of gases in liquids may be expressed in various ways. In the definition of the Bunsen coefficient the solubility is expressed as the volume of the ideal gas reduced to O C and 1 atm pressure soluble in a unit volume of liquid under the gas pressure of 1 atm and at the temperature of measurement. The Ostwald solubility ki — Vgl V oiy is defined as the ratio of the volume of absorbed gas to the volume of the absorbing liquid, measured at the same temperature. The Bunsen solubility coefficient a and the Ostwald coefficient L on the assumption of ideal gas behavior are related to the simple g-moles/liter concentration scale c by the relationships which are applicable when P = 1 atm ... 

---