Osseointegration ceramics

In spite of these investigations, many reports in the literature demonstrate that these nanoapatite ceramics are not always osteoinductive and, furthermore, do not possess mechanical properties similar enough to bone for sustained osseointegration (Muller-Mai el al., 1995 Doremus, 1992 Du et al., 1999 Weng et al., 1997), criteria necessary for increased orthopedic and dental implant efficacy. Moreover, mechanisms of osteoinduction of calcium phosphate ceramics are not clear and seem to depend on specific nanoapatite material properties (such as surface properties and crystallinity) and the animal tested (i.e., dog versus rabbit). Undoubtedly, the incidental cases of calcium phosphate biomaterial-induced osteogenesis indicate promise in... 

Adhesion of osteoblasts to ceramic surfaces alone, however, is not adequate to achieve long-term osseointegration of orthopedic and dental implants subsequent osteoblast functions (such as proliferation, synthesis of... 

Due to their ability to selectively promote both osteoblast and osteoclast function, nanophase ceramics provide a preferable alternative to conventional orthopedic and dental implants that fail to integrate with surrounding bone it is undoubtedly highly desirable to minimize, if not avoid, clinical complications that necessitate removal of failed implants as a result of poor surface properties that lead to insufficient osseointegration. These results provide evidence that nanoceramics may be synthesized to match surface properties of bone and, thus, demonstrate strong promise and potential for their use in orthopedic and dental applications. 

Surface properties (such as topography and wettability) of bioceramics similar to human bone can be obtained by decreasing the grain size of ceramic formulations into the nanometer regime. Such surface properties must be incorporated into proactive bioceramics for orthopedic and dental applications surface properties similar to those of physiological bone are needed in order to promote select cell interactions that lead to sufficient osseointegration between an orthopedic or... 

Frayssinet P, et al. Osseointegration of macroporous calcium-phosphate ceramics having a different chemical-composition. Biomaterials 1993 14(6) 423—9. 

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