Orthoptera

Gradfifigler, m.pl. (Zodl.) Orthoptera. gradieren, v.t. graduate test with a hydrometer. 

Heller K.-G., Fleischmann P., and Lutz-Roder A. (2000). Carotenoids in the spermatophores of bushcrickets (Orthoptera Ephippigerinae). Proc R Soc Lond B 267 1905-1908. 

Milio, J.F., P.G. Koehler, and R.S. Patterson. 1987. Evaluation of three methods for detecting chlorpyrifos resistance in German cockroach (Orthoptera Blattellidae) populations. Jour. Econ. Entomol. 30 44-46. 

Adjei MB, Smart GC Jr, Frank JH, Leppla NC. Control of pest mole crickets (Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae) in bahiagrass pastures with the nematode Steinemema scapterisci (Rhabditida Steinemematidae). Florida Entom. 2006 89 532-535. 

Chow, Y. S. and Lin, Y. M. (1986). Actinidine, a defensive secretion of stick insect. Megacrania alpheus, Westwood (Orthoptera Phasmatidae). Journal of Entomological Science 21, 97-101. 

Results from these laboratory studies demonstrated that avermectin Bj had high toxicity for the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on bean plants. When applied in solution directly onto adult and nymphal spider mite populations on foliage, avermectin Bj was shown to be 50-200 times as potent as commercially available acaricides, with an LC q of 0.02-0.03 ppm. Additional tests on foliage with insects in the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Isoptera and Hymenoptera confirmed the broad spectrum activity and potency of the avermectin family of compounds and avermectin Bj in particular. Table II provides LC q values for avermectin Bj for the control of larval forms of several of these insects in foliar residue assays (18). 

Ishii, S. and Kuwahara, Y. (1967). An aggregation pheromone of the German cockroach Blattella germanica L. (Orthoptera Blattellidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 2 203-217. 

Bell, W. J., Fromm, J., Quisumbing, A. R. and Kydonieus, A. F. (1984). Attraction of American cockroaches (Orthoptera Blattidae) to traps containing periplanone and to insecticide-periplanone mixtures. Environmental Entomology 13 448 150. 

Bodenstein, W. G. (1970). Distribution of female sex pheromone in the gut of Periplaneta americana (Orthoptera Blattidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63 336-337. 

Biosynthesis of methyl branched hydrocarbons of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) (Orthoptera, Blattellidae). Insect Biochemistry 20 149-156. 

Hales, R. A. and Breed, M. D. (1983). Female calling and reproductive behavior in the brown banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) (Orthoptera Blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76 239-241. 

Ignell, R., Anton. S. and Hansson, B. S. (2001). The antennal lobe of orthoptera anatomy and evolution. Brain Behavior and Evolution 57 1-17. 

Kitamura, C. and Takahashi, S. (1973). The mating behavior and evidence for a sex stimulant of the Japanese cockroach, Periplaneta japonica Karny (Orthoptera Blattidae). Kontyd 41 383-388. 

Nishida, R., Sato, T., Kuwahara, Y., Fukami, H. and Ishii, S. (1976). Female sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Orthoptera Blatellidae), responsible for male wing-raising. II. 29-Hydroxy-3,l 1-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2 449 155. 

Nishino, C. and Washio, H. (1976). Electroantennograms of the American cockroach (Orthoptera Blattidae) to odorous straight chain compounds. Applied Entomology and Zoology 11 222-228. 

American cockroach (Orthoptera Blattidae) in monoterpenoids. Applied Entomology and Zoology 12 287-290. 

Takahashi, S. and Kitamura, C. (1972). Bioassay procedure of the sex stimulant of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Orthoptera Blattidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 7 133-141. 

Wileyto, E. R and Boush, G. M. (1983). Attraction of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Orthoptera Blatellidae), to some volatile food components. Journal of Economic Entomology 76 752-756. 

Lee, J. C. and Bemays, E. A., Food tastes and toxic effects associative learning by the polyphagous grasshopper Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Orthoptera Acrididac), Ariim. Behav., 39, 163, 1990. 

Picimbon J. F., Dietrich K., Breer H. and Krieger J. (2000). Chemosensory proteins of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera Acrididae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30, 233-241. 

Pyrokinin/PBAN peptides have been identified primarily from the orders Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. Immunocytochemical evidence discussed in section... 

Chase J., JurenkaR. A., Schal C., HalarnkarP. P. and BlomquistG. J. (1990) Biosynthesis of methyl branched hydrocarbons of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) (Orthoptera, Blattellidae). Insect Biochem. 20, 149-156. 

In S. gregaria, immunocytochemical experiments showed selective CSP labeling of the outer lymph in diverse chemosensory organs, including contact sensilla of tarsi, maxillary palps, and antennae. However, in antennae, only sensilla chaetica were labeled with no labeling observed in olfactory or coeloconic sensilla (Angeli et al., 1999), suggesting a role for CSPs in contact chemoreception in Orthoptera. 

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