Organophosphorus compounds analysis

Somkuti et al. (1987) reported testicular toxicity of TOCP in adult leghorn roosters. Birds dosed with 100 mg/kg/day exhibited limb paralysis in 7-10 days. Such symptoms are characteristics of delayed neurotoxicity caused by organophosphorus compounds. Analysis at the termination of 18 days indicated a significant inhibition of neurotoxic esterase activity in both brain and testes, and a decrease in sperm motility and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. 

Maxwell DM, Brecht KM. 1992. Quantitative structure-activity analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by oxono and thiono analougues of organophosphorus compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 5 66-71. 

Ahnoff and Josefsson [18] built a solvent extraction apparatus for river work which was later modified into their in situ extractor [ 17]. The unit as described in the earlier work could easily be adapted for seawater analysis. A unit based on a Teflon helix liquid-liquid extractor, some 332 feet (101.5 metres) in length, was constructed by Wu and Suffet [19]. The extractor was optimized for the removal of organophosphorus compounds, specifically pesticides, with an efficiency of around 80%. For some compounds, these continuous extraction methods should be the methods of choice and should be explored. 

A Cis disk has been used to remove chlorotriazine, atrazine, metabolites, organophosphorus compounds, phenylurea, and carbamate pesticides from seawater prior to analysis by HPLC [392],... 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Types of organophosphorus inhibitors, 11,686-688 toxicity hazards, 11,688 purity and analysis, 11,688 solutions of organophosphorus compounds, 11,689 estimation of specific radioactivity of organophosphorus compounds, 11,689-690 method for estimating phosphorus content, 11,691 reactions with enzymes, 11,691 -701 [rate constants, 11,692 phosphorylation of chymotrypsin, 11, 694-696 identification of phosphoryl and phosphonyl peptides,... 

Worek F et al Kinetic analysis of interactions between human acetylcholinesterase, structurally different organophosphorus compounds and oximes. Biochem Pharmacol 2004 68 2237. [PMID 15498514]... 

Although analysis of urine samples for the presence of these metabolites represents a potential means of assessing recent human exposure to diazinon, these metabolites can originate from exposure to other organophosphorus compounds and, therefore, are not specific for diazinon exposure. Additionally, these studies do not report a quantitative association between metabolite levels and exposure to diazinon in humans. Thus, these biomarkers are only indicative of exposure to diazinon (or other organophosphorus compounds) and are not specifically useful for diazinon exposure nor for dosimetric analysis. Further studies designed to refine the identification of metabolites specific to diazinon and provide dosimetric data will be useful in the search for a more dependable biomarker of diazinon exposure. 

Over 40 organophosphorus compounds (Figure 14.11) used as pesticides, flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, and in other applications have been tested for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The SAR analysis of organophosphorus compounds has been published [41]. 

In some instances a single organophosphorus substance or a mixture of very few such compounds are known to be present in a sample. In such cases separation and identification are not necessary and it may be expedient to use a simple method of limited applicability for their determination, rather than a sophisticated instrumental technique. Many procedures designed for the analysis of specific organophosphorus compounds of special interest have been published, of which only a few examples will be discussed here. 

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