Organoindium compounds iodides

Indium(III) iodide is an important starting material for the preparation of a great variety of organoindium compounds. The synthesis described herein is a modification of a published procedure. Since the title compound is hygroscopic, a combination of Schlenk and high vacuum techniques is employed. ... 

The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organoindium compounds was first reported in 1999.[4 ] The reaction was applied to triaryl-, trialkenyl- and trialkynylindiums, which coupled with aryl iodides, aryl triflates, or alkenyl triflates in high yields (Scheme 41) It is noteworthy that all of the organic groups on indium can participate in the coupling reaction. 

The zinc-mediated Reformatsky reaction is one of the classical methods for carbon-carbon bond formation. To date, various main group metals and transition metals have been used for this reaction. Rieke s activated indium powder mediates readily the coupling of ethyl a-bromoacetate and a variety of carbonyl compounds yielding /3-hydroxy esters in good yields (Scheme 87).3 Later, commercially available indium powder has been found to be equally effective for the indium-based Reformatsky reaction in THF.28 This indium Reformatsky reaction is accelerated by ultrasound irradiation (Scheme 88).322,323 Indium(i) iodide also mediates the Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes and ketones to give /3-hydroxy esters, presumably via organoindium(m) diiodide (Scheme 89).27... 

In the past decade much effort in organoindium chemistry has been devoted to study of carbonyl allylation and aUylindation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds with allylic indium reagents. Apart from the conventional transmetalation of allyl-lifhium or aUyl Grignard reagents with indium(III) halides, a method widely used for preparation of allyhndium(III) compounds is the oxidative addition of metallic indium or indium(I) iodide to aUyhc substrates [3, 6]. Transmetalation of allylstan-nane with indium(III) chloride also gives allylindium(III) [7]. Allylindium(I) was recently prepared by transmetalation of allylmercury with metallic indium in water this compound is regarded as an intermediate in the allylation of carbonyl compounds in aqueous media [8]. A new method of preparation of allylic in-dium(III) reagents - reductive transmetalation of a 7r-allylpalladium(ll) complex with indium(I) salts has been reported this enables the use of a wide variety of allylic compounds and solvents [9]. 

Organoindium(III) compounds can be prepared under very similar conditions to these organozincs and have an even greater tolerance of functional groups they are compatible with alcohols and phenols. Di-(heteroaryl) zincs, for use in coupling reactions, can be prepared by direct exchange of iodides, for example 5-iodofurfural, with (i-Pr)2Zn in the presence of a Li(acac) catalyst. ... 

AUylation and propargylation reactions. In the presence of the (Ph3P)4Pd catalyst, indium(I) iodide form organoindium(III) reagents with allylic halides and propargylic mesylates that react with carbonyl compounds in various solvents. 

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