Organo-Oxygen Compounds

Chlorine and Bromine Oxidizing Compounds. The organo chlorine compounds shown in Table 6 share chemistry with inorganic compounds, such as chlorine/77< 2-3 (9-j5y and sodium hypochlorite/7 )< /-j5 2-5 7. The fundamental action of chlorine compounds involves hydrolysis to hypochlorous acid (see Cm ORiNE oxygen acids and salts). 

The organo-magnesium compounds are sensitive to the action of oxygen. This must always be kept in mind if they are not used... 

Mansson 319) has also investigated the products of the reaction of poly(styryl)-lithium with oxygen. Although products with carbonyl and alcohol functionality were detected, they may have resulted from the column and thin layer chromatographic work-up procedures employed. In conclusion, the oxidation of polymeric organo-lithium compounds is complex, but the possibility of manipulating the reaction conditions to form useful macroperoxides and hydroperoxides is real, as evidenced by the work of Brossas and coworkers 350). 

An important aspect of this paper is the demonstrated facile formation of the P-O-P system by nucleophilic attack of phosphoryl oxygen on the four-coordinated phosphorus center. This result confirms the reaction schemes proposed earlier for a number of reactions, important from the synthetic point of view of organo-phosphorus compounds (9-13) and polymers (1 A). 

In hydrotreating processes heteroatoms, such as sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and metals, are catalytically removed from heavy oil residua. These metals, mainly vanadium and nickel, remain in the reactor as solid deposits accumulating on the catalyst surface after decomposition of the organo-metallic compounds. 

Silicones are organo-silicon compounds in which the silicon atoms are linked together via oxygen atoms, so that a basic skeleton of silicon and oxygen units is obtained. The residual silicon valencies are neutralized by organic groups. 

A knowledge of the action of lithium alkoxides in these systems is important because they are always present to some extent, formed by fortuitous catalyst destruction by traces of oxygen. The other likely impurity is lithium hydroxide produced from traces of water in the system. It apparently decreases the initiation rate [53] but primarily [55] because it reacts with organo-lithium compounds... 

In the periodic table, sulfur is positioned in the same group next to oxygen. Despite such a close resemblance of the outer shell orbitals, sulfur can also occur in oxidation states other than —2, namely +2, +4 as well as +6. Thus, a large variety of organo-sulfur compounds exhibiting a wide range of different properties is found in nature. 

The metals of the aluminium sub-group are permanent in the air at ordinary temperatures, but when heated in oxygen or the air they become coated with their oxide. The volatility of the metals increases with the atomic weights, and the heavier metals are more easily reduced than those of lower atomic weight. The metals are all malleable, fusible, have small atomic volumes and form hydroxides, M(OH)3, which are typically amphoteric in the first three elements of the sub-group and basic only in the case of thallium. The last four members of the family form alums, and both aluminium and thallium form organo-metallic compounds, resembling zinc in this respect. 

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