Organo-gelators

Metal oxide nanotubes have been synthesized by a diverse variety of fabrication routes. For example titania nanotubes, and nanotube arrays, have been produced by deposition into a nanoporous alumina template [48-51], sol-gel transcription using organo-gelators as templates [52,53], seeded growth [54], hydrothermal processes [55-57] and anodic oxidation [58-65]. 

Garcia Velazquez D, Gonzalez Orive A, Hernandez Creus A, Luque R, Gutierrez Ravelo A. Novel organo-gelators based on amine-derived hexaazatrinaphthylene. Org Biomol Chem. 9(19) (2011) 6524-6527. 

Maji. S.K. Malik, S. Drew, M.G.B. Nandi, A.K. Banerjee. A. A synthetic tripeptide as a novel organo-gelator A structural investigation. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003. 44. 4103-4107. 

Abdallah, D.J. Sirchio. S.A. Weiss. R.G. Hexatriacontane organogels The first determination of the conformation and molecular packing of a low-molecular-mass organo-gelator in its gelled state. Langmuir 2000. 16. 7558-7561. 

Mono- and bisurea derivatives containing L-Ser and l-G1u alkyl and alkyl methacrylate ester groups were designed as polymerizable organo-gelators [120]. The L-Ser derivative 179, and l-G1u derivatives 180 and 181, (Scheme 26) exhibited efficient gelation of ethylene glycol, hexane, ethyl ac-... 

The premise that for effective gel formation an organo-gelator should contain strong hydrogen-bond donors, such as OH or NH, and a central planar core was disestablished with the realization that selective gelation phenomena were exhibited by tetfanitfodibenzo crown ether derivatives in chlorinated solvents such as chloroform, 2-chloroethanol, and 1,2-dichloroethane with gelation in some instances... 

Fig. 40 Molecular structure of oligo(thiophene) (60) and cyclophane (61) based organo-gelators...

To be commercially viable it was necessary to identify organo-gelators that could economically be employed to gel large quantities of hydrocarbon. A satisfactory group of candidates was identified as mixture of the aluminium sorqjs of organic (fatty) acids with addition of fillers. 

Figure 3.28 Viscosity profile showing the reversible gelation behaviour of a DOX-loaded thermosensitive poly(organo) phosphazene at various concentrations. Reproduced with permission from G.D. Kang, S.H. Cheon and S.C. Song, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2006, 319, 1-2, 29.

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