Organizing What We Know About the Reactions of Organic Compounds

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21 ORGANIZING WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

When you were first introduced to the reactions of organic compounds in Section 5.6, you saw that organic compounds can be classified into families and that all the members of a family react in the same way. You also saw that each family can be put into one of four groups, and that all the families in a group react in similar ways. Let s revisit the first group. 

All the families in the first group are nucleophiles, because of their electron-rich carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. And because double and triple bonds have relatively weak TT bonds, the families in this group undergo addition reactions. Since the first species that reacts with a nucleophile is an electrophile, the reactions that the families in this group undergo are more precisely called electrophilic addition reactions. 

In Chapter 9, we will move on to the families in the second group. 

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Organizing What We Know about the Reactions of Organic Compounds 381... 

At the end of the 18 century, Lavoisier compiled a list of the 23 elements known at that time by 1870, 65 were known by 1925, 88 today, there are 114 and still counting These elements combine to form millions of compounds, so we clearly need some way to organize what we know about their behavior. By the mid-19 century, enormous amounts of information concerning reactions, properties, and atomic masses of the elements had been accumulated. Several researchers noted recurring, or periodic, patterns of behavior and proposed schemes to organize the elements according to some fundamental property. 

A New Feature, Organizing What We Know About Organic Chemistry , lets students see where they have been and where they are going as they proceed through the course, encouraging them to keep in mind the fundamental reason behind the reactions of all organic compounds electrophiles react with nucleophiles. 

We finish this chapter with some brief words about the mechanism of the addition of organometallics to carbonyl compounds. The problem with this reaction is that no-one really knows precisely what happens during the addition reaction. We know what the organic products are because we can isolate them and look at them using NMR and other spectroscopic techniques. But what happens to the metal atoms during the reaction ... 

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