Organic synthesis analysis

Engineering of organic synthesis analysis and design of reactors for the important classes of reactions, mainly homogeneous, two-phase catalytic, two-phase noncatalytic, and three-phase catalytic and noncatalytic... 

P. Gund, Computer-assisted Organic Synthesis Analysis , in Ann. Reports Medicin. Chem., Vol. 12, p. 288, ed. F. H. Clarke, Academic Press, New York, 1977. 

Some systematic studies on the different reaction schemes and how they are realized in organic reactions were performed some time ago [18]. Reactions used in organic synthesis were analyzed thoroughly in order to identify which reaction schemes occur. The analysis was restricted to reactions that shift electrons in pairs, as either a bonding or a free electron pair. Thus, only polar or heteiolytic and concerted reactions were considered. However, it must be emphasized that the reaction schemes list only the overall change in the distribution of bonds and ftee electron pairs, and make no specific statements on a reaction mechanism. Thus, reactions that proceed mechanistically through homolysis might be included in the overall reaction scheme. 

Acetic anhydtide [108-24-7] (CH2C0)20, is a mobile, colorless liquid that has an acrid odor and is a more pierciag lacrimator than acetic acid [64-19-7]. It is the largest commercially produced carboxyUc acid anhydride U.S. production capacity is over 900,000 t yearly. Its chief iadustrial appHcation is for acetylation reactions it is also used ia many other appHcations ia organic synthesis, and it has some utility as a solvent ia chemical analysis. 

The techniques of silylation and their appHcation ia analysis have been reviewed (1,2), as have the iatermediate steps ia organic synthesis (3). Summaries of silylation appHcations are available (4,5). 

Thin-Layer Chromatography TLC) The function of TLC in organic synthesis is primarily one of allowing the experimenter to follow the progress of the reaction without actually interrupting the reaction. Since successful TLC can be carried out on a minute scale, only a very small fraction of the reaction mixture need be withdrawn and subjected to analysis. The following example of the TLC analysis of the chromic acid oxidation of borneol, described by Davis (3), is a useful model. 

Before the actual sample preparation procedure is described some general observations should first be made. However excellent the sample preparation and however sophisticated the equipment, the accuracy of the analysis will only be as good as the quality of the sample that is taken. If the sample is that of a reaction mixture from an organic synthesis laboratory, it is likely to be taken from a single bottle or container, by a professional chemist, and is likely to be truly representative of the bulk of the material. 

Corey EJ, Long AK, Rubenstein SD. Computer-assisted analysis in organic synthesis. Science 1985 228 408-18. 

Wender, P. Miller, B.L. (1993) Toward the Ideal Synthesis Connectivity Analysis and Multibond-Forming Processes. In Organic Synthesis Theory and Applications, Vol. 2 (ed. T. Hudlicky), pp. 27-65. JAl Press, Greenwich, CT. 

---