Organic syntheses using microwave irradiation

Expeditious Solvent-Free Organic Syntheses Using Microwave Irradiation... 

For a general review on organic synthesis using microwave irradiation, see Loupy, A. Petit, A. Hamelin, J. Texier-BouUet, F. Jacquault, P. Mathe, D. Synthesis 1998, 1213-1234. 

Solid-supported reagents in organic synthesis using microwave irradiation 13COC504. 

Carbon-carbon bond formation via Suzuki coupling of oiganoborane compounds with organic halides provides a mild method for synthesis of various functionalized compounds, especially biaryls (Bedford et al., 2003). An other example of Suzuki coupling reaction using microwave irradiation with Pd catalyst is to give biaryl product in water (Leadbeater and Marco, 2003). 

Faghihi and Hagibaygi (2003) used microwave irradiation for the synthesis of polyamides containing azo-benzene moieties. 4,4 -Azobenzoyl chloride was treated with eight different 5,5 -disubstituted hydantoin derivatives in the presence of a small amount of a polar organic medium such as o-cresol. This reaction was carried out in a domestic microwave oven. Polyamides with high yields and inherent viscosities between 0.35 and 0.60 dL/g were obtained within 7-12 mia... 

Alternatively, microwave-assisted synthesis has been carried out using standard organic solvents under open-vessel conditions. If solvents are heated by microwave irradiation at atmospheric pressure in an open vessel, the boiling point of the solvent typically limits the reaction temperature that can be achieved. In order to none-... 

Whereas in the last decade microwave irradiation was mainly applied to accelerate and optimize well-known and established reactions, current trends are indicative of the future use of microwave technology for the development of completely new reaction pathways in organic synthesis. Limited by vessel and cavity size, microwave-assisted synthesis has hitherto been focused predominantly on reaction optimiza-... 

Other microwave-assisted parallel processes, for example those involving solid-phase organic synthesis, are discussed in Section 7.1. In the majority of the cases described so far, domestic multimode microwave ovens were used as heating devices, without utilizing specialized reactor equipment. Since reactions in household multimode ovens are notoriously difficult to reproduce due to the lack of temperature and pressure control, pulsed irradiation, uneven electromagnetic field distribution, and the unpredictable formation of hotspots (Section 3.2), in most contemporary published methods dedicated commercially available multimode reactor systems for parallel processing are used. These multivessel rotor systems are described in detail in Section 3.4. 

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