Organic molecules carbon backbone

For some compounds, it is especially useful to know the shape of the molecule. While this is critically important in large molecules made with a backbone of carbon, called organic molecules, it is often interesting in simpler molecules as well. The formula for water might cause you to think that a hydrogen atom was attached to another hydrogen atom, and then an oxygen atom was attached to them ... 

Finally, synthetic metals made of polymeric organic molecules may also show the property of ferromagnetism. Organic materials of this kind were first demonstrated in 1987 by Ovchinnikov and his co-workers at the Institute of Chemical Physics in Moscow. The polymer they used was based on a polydiacetylene backbone, which contains alternating double-single and triple-single bonds between the carbon atoms of the molecule (10.2). 

There s a whole area of chemistry dealing with the spatial configurations of organic molecules called stereochemistry. To get into this area, you have to have molecules that have an asymmetrical carbon atom. That s one that has four dissimilar atoms or groups attached to it. PP has that condition on a repeating basis—the methyl groups on every ocher backbone carbon. Such a polymer can be stereoregular or stereospecific. 

Another important concept from organic chemistry that has an impact on polymer structure is that of isomerism. Recall that structural isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular architectures. For example, there are two different types of propyl alcohols, both with the same formula, depending on where the —OH functional group is placed on the carbon backbone (see Figure 1.53). Another type of isomerism results in stereoisomers, in which the functional groups are... 

This angle is maintained between carbon atoms on the backbone of a polymer molecule, as shown in Fig. 1.10. As shown in the figure, each individual axis in the carbon backbone is free to rotate. The configuration gives the information about the distribution and spatial organization of the molecule. 

Suppose we could devise a 2D NMR technique to map out all one-bond C-C couplings. What would be the value of such data A moment s reflection should convince you that this information would provide the carbon-carbon connectivity (the carbon backbone) of the entire molecule This is the single most useful piece of information in the elucidation of organic structure. But how can we accomplish it ... 

Alkanes are organic molecules in which all the carbons are bonded to four atoms (i.e., all single bonds). These molecules are saturated because carbon has the maximum number of atoms surrounding it. Organic molecules are named systematically using a straight-chain or unbranched alkane as a backbone (see Table 12.2). 

When examining the silylene transfer to gi OT-disubstituted alkenes to form silacyclopropenes, an unprecedented reaction of homoallylic ethers was discovered. Two di-/-butylsilylene units were found to be incorporated into the molecule followed by a complete rearrangement of the carbon backbone (Equation 6) <20050L5531 >. This reaction opens a new route to prepare organic synthetically useful allylic silenes to be used in annulation reactions. 

Carbon backbone (Section 3.1) The C-C and C—H obondfiame-work that makes up the skeleton of an organic molecule. 

Carbon has four electrons in outer shell, and can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N, or another C). Since carbon can make covalent bonds with another carbon atom, carbon chains and rings that serve as the backbones of organic molecules are possible. 

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