Organic inhibitors, classification

Inhibitor Classification Zinc Polymer Phosphonate (ZPP) (Zn Organic) ... 

Inhibitors act and are classified in a variety of ways (1,3,37,38). The classifications used herein closely foUow the discussion in Reference 37. Types of inhibitors include (/) anodic, (2) cathodic, (3) organic, (4) precipitation, and (5) vapor-phase inhibitors. 

At present there are >100 protein kinase-inhibitor structures in publidy available structural databases which span 28 kinases and a variety of inhibitor structural classes. Based upon an analysis of these data a classification of ATP binding regions has been proposed by Traxler and Furet [59] and Bower (personal communication from Michael J. Bower, December 1999). In the subsequent discussion a slightly modified version of this classification will be used to organize the trends seen across kinases and inhibitor dasses (see Fig. 2.2). In the Traxler model, five sites were proposed of which three (adenine, sugar and phosphate-binding sites) can be directly related to ATP and two additional lipophilic sites which lay outside of the region occupied by ATP. In the Bower model, an additional polar site on the surface of the protein was proposed. 

Nerve agents are organic esters of phosphorus-based acid derivatives that are potent inhibitors of AChE. A large toxicological and medical literature has been produced since their development, and it has been helpfrd to classify exposure-associated health effects in terms of four general clinical classifications that have been described elsewhere in the literature (Brown and Brix, 1998), and are summarized as 1 through 4 below. To these, I have added a fifth, for which I have finally presented a brief rationale below, and will deal with in more detail subsequently. These are ... 

Currently, it is not possible to accurately transform data gathered from molecular markers to predict effects at the population and community levels of organization. Certainly, behavioral alterations caused by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may cause an increase in predation or increase the tendency of a parent to abandon a brood, but the long-term populational effects are difficult to estimate. In the estimation and classification of potential effects, it may be the pattern of indicators that is more important than the simple occurrence of one that is important. 

In acidic solutions, organic amines protonate to form cations with hydrophobic tails. These ions will seek out and blanket cathodic surfaces, much as carboxylate anions seek out and cover anodic spots in neutral or basic media. The usual choices include amylamine (C5H11NH2), cyclohexyl-amine (C6H11NH2), pyridine (C5H5N), and morpholine [0(CH2CH2)2NH]. Metallic iron behaves as a soft acid in terms of the HSAB classification (Section 2.9), despite the indubitable hard behavior of its trivaJent ion, and so molecules with soft donor atoms adsorb more strongly than hard bases (S > N > 0). This principle can be applied to the design of inhibitors. 

In the classification shown in Figure 3 the organic and inorganic inhibitors of slow channel transport have been grouped together as subgroups of a common type of Ca + entry blocker. 

The peptide is released from both fundic and antral D cells. The latter are more numerous. Somatostatin release is used almost universally as a downregulator of cellular function and, therefore, although a peptide, must have a short half-life to ensure organ specificity. This allows classification of this inhibitor as a paracrine mediator of add secretion. 

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