Organic hydrazine derivatives applications

The applications of hydrazine and its derivatives are vast and are discussed extensively in References [1,6]. While some key applications of both organic and inorganic derivatives are summarized in Table 1.12, Chapter 6 will further deal with applications of inorganic hydrazine derivatives in detail. 

Hydrazine is mostly sold as an aqueous solution anhydrous hydrazine is only used as a rocket fuel or as a mono- or bipropellant for satellites and spacecrafts. About 80-90% of the hydrazine produced is converted into organic derivatives. Other applications are based on its use as a reducing agent, as an energy-rich compound, or on its hydrogen storage capacity. 

The principle of Wohler s method provides a method of very wide and varied applicability for the preparation of urea derivatives. Alkali cyanates and isocyanic and isothiocyanic esters on the one hand and ammonia, amines, amides, hydrazines, etc., on the other, undergo the reaction. When an alkali cyanate is used it is usually possible to work in aqueous solution and add the amine as a salt alternatively, the free amine can be used in dilute acetic acid room temperature or moderate temperatures usually suffice. A series of examples for the preparation of monoarylureas by this method is to be found in Organic Syntheses.64... 

Apart from the above applications, hydrazine hydrate is also used in preparing organic derivatives, like hydrazones and hydrazides such as carbohydrazide (CH), oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH), malonic acid dihydra-zide (MDH), tetra formal tris azine (TFTA) and so on, from the corresponding ketones and aldehydes. Hydrazones have been investigated as solid fuels in hybrid rockets [40]. The hydrazides have been exploited as combustible fuels with metal nitrate oxidizers in the preparation of nanocrystalline oxide materials [41]. 

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