Organic functional groups, reaction with

Those of you who go on to courses in biochemistry will undoubtedly study these metabolic pathways in considerable detail, including their role in energy production and conservation, their regulation, and the diseases associated with errors in particular metabolic steps. Our concern in this chapter is more limited. Our goal is to show that the reactions of these pathways are biochemical equivalents of organic functional group reactions we have already... 

The term condensation polymers covers all polymers created by the reaction of two organic functional groups, often with the eHmination of a small molecule such as water. For instance, if we allow an alcohol to react with an acid, an ester is created (Figure 2.1). 

The addition of o-carborane to electrophiles is one of the most important reactions to synthesize carboranes containing organic functional groups. Lithiocarbo-ranes which are readily prepared from butylithium with carboranes are widely utilized for C—C bond formation involving various functional groups. Recently, Yamamoto and co-workers have developed addition reactions of lithio-,73... 

This sequence illustrates a very general method for the synthesis of methyl y-oxoalkanoates which are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.3 6 The scope of the cyclopropanation reaction is very broad only functional groups interacting with the carbenoid generated from melhyl diazoacetate are not compatible. Use of Rh2(OAc)4 instead of Cu(acac)2 as catalyst did not afford better yields.3 The cyclopropanation reaction has been performed with similar efficiency on scales from 4 mmol up to 500 mmol. 

The CVD method can form a polymethylsiloxane layer of 0.6-0.8 nm on the inorganic particles (Table 12.1.2). Especially, the polysiloxane-modified titanium oxide has been used for the additives to cosmetics. Moreover, residual Si-H group grafted on the particles reacted with unsaturated organic compounds in the presence of Speier catalyst (47), H2PtCl6, to be functionalized by organic pendant group [Reaction (11 ). ... 

The discussion which follows is organized in the following fashion. First a common undergraduate text was used to provide a list of standard or traditional preparations for the major functional groups dealt with herein. Most of these reactions should be familiar because they are the ones learned (or not learned) in the undergraduate course in organic chemistry. Although these methods will be listed and perhaps discussed briefly, the discussion in no way serves as a review of these methods. 

Aryl-A3-iodanes 1 are electrophilic at iodine and undergo ligand exchange with a variety of nucleophilic species, including organic functional groups (Scheme 1). Such reactions may be regarded as nucleophilic substitutions at trivalent... 

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