Organic buffering properties

Electro-Organic Oxidation Properties. Table I lists some results for the electro-oxidation of primary alcohols and propylene on leadsubstituted lead ruthenate. Propylene was cleaved with nearly 100% selectivity to acetic acid and CO2. In borate buffer at pH 9 the oxidation of propylene also occurred, and the selectivity to acetate and CO2, based on the amount of carbonate isolated, was also close to 100%. Dissolved ethanol and propanol were both converted with high selectivity to the corresponding carboxylic acid salts in alkaline electrolyte. In contrast, Pt black (also shown in Table I) oxidized ethanol to CO2 and then rapidly deactivated. 

Sinclair W B, Eny D M 1947 Ether-soluble organic acids and buffer properties of citrus peels. Bot Gaz 108 398-407... 

Phosphoric Acid. This acid is the primary acidulant in cola beverages. Phosphoric acid is stronger than most organic acids and weaker than other mineral acids. The dibasic properties of phosphoric acid provide minor buffering capacity in the beverage. Food-grade phosphoric acid is commercially available in concentrations of 75%, 80%, and 85% and is one of the most economical acidulants. 

In the development of a SE-HPLC method the variables that may be manipulated and optimized are the column (matrix type, particle and pore size, and physical dimension), buffer system (type and ionic strength), pH, and solubility additives (e.g., organic solvents, detergents). Once a column and mobile phase system have been selected the system parameters of protein load (amount of material and volume) and flow rate should also be optimized. A beneficial approach to the development of a SE-HPLC method is to optimize the multiple variables by the use of statistical experimental design. Also, information about the physical and chemical properties such as pH or ionic strength, solubility, and especially conditions that promote aggregation can be applied to the development of a SE-HPLC assay. Typical problems encountered during the development of a SE-HPLC assay are protein insolubility and column stationary phase... 

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