Ore extraction

Thallium occurs in crooksite, lorandite, and hutchinsonite. It is also present in pyrites and is recovered from the roasting of this ore in connection with the production of sulfuric acid. It is also obtained from the smelting of lead and zinc ores. Extraction is somewhat complex and depends on the source of the thallium. Manganese nodules, found on the ocean floor, contain thallium. 

Mill tailings are another form of nuclear waste. The residue from uranium ore extraction contains radium, the precursor of short-Hved radon and its daughters. Piles of tailings must be properly covered. 

The mining facility consists of four major operations 1) mining, ore extraction and transportation, 2) ore processing - treatment with chemical solvents to remove minerals, 3) removing impurities and 4) utilities e.g., electricity, steam, water, air and natural gas provided by the facility s power plant and by off-site suppliers. Accidents in any of these operations can stop the whole process. 

Thallium is likewise recovered from flue dusts emitted during sulfide roasting for H2SO4 manufacture, and from the smelting of Zn/Pb ores. Extraction procedures are complicated because of the need to recover Cd at the same time. There are no major commercial uses for T1 metal world production in 1983 was estimated to be 5-15 tonnes p.a. and the price ranged from 60 to 80 per kg depending on purity and amount purchased. 

Beryllium ore extraction has been on the increase recently. Data for the past 5 years are shown in Fig. 1 (1). This increase is connected... 

Calcium sulfide occurs in nature as the mineral oldhamite. It has several applications. The luminous calcium sulfide is used in phosphors, luminous paints and varnishes. Calcium sulfide also is used as an additive to lubricants and as a flotation agent in ore extraction. 

When lanthanum is produced from the mineral bastnasite, all processes except ore extraction discussed above are the same. The mineral is crushed and concentrated by flotation process. This is followed by treatment with dilute HCl, which converts lanthanum and the rare-earths contained in the mineral into their chlorides. Calcination in air results in rare-earth oxides. 

Beryllium Ore extraction, ceramics, alloys Fibrosis, lung cancer... 

Vanadium Raffinates from uranium ore extraction process Mineral leach liquors D2EHPA and TBP in kerosene High-molecular weight amines in kerosene... 

Beryllium Ore extraction, manufacture of alloys, ceramics Dyspnea, interstitial granuloma, fibrosis, corpulmonae, chronic disease... 

Nickel Nickel ore extraction, nickel Nasal cancer, lung... 

Stage 1 materials production, which includes ore extraction, milling, part casting and machining, and transportation ... 

Aquatic Contamination by Gold Ore Extractants. The separate use of mercury and cyanide has led to the contamination of freshwater systems. 

Recovery of Cu ions from ore extraction liquids [143-145] removal from canning industry wastewater [146]... 

The most important deposits are sedimentary. The most important manganese ore-extracting countries with their certain reserves in 10 t, based on manganese content, are given in Table 3.5-1. 

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