Orconectes virilis

Peimuto CM, Lane OP, Evers DC, Taylor RJ, Loukmas J. 2005. Mercury in the northern crayfish Orconectes virilis (Hagen), in New England, USA. Ecotoxicology 14 149-162. 

Crayfish, Orconectes virilis Ontario, whole Central location 0.09-0.49 FW 1... 

Chang, P.S.S., D.F. Malley, N.E. Strange, and J.F. Klaverkamp. 1981. The effects of low pH, selenium and calcium on the bioaccumulation of 203Hg by seven tissues of the crayfish, Orconectes virilis. Canad. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1151 45-67. 

Crayfish, Orconectes virilis, collected 12-150 km distant from metal smelter Hepatopancreas ... 

Mirenda, RJ. 1986. Acute toxicity and accumulation of zinc in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37 387-394. 

Travis, D.F., 1965. The deposition of skeletal structures in the Crustacea. 5. The histo-morphological and histochemical changes associated with the development and calcification of the branchial exoskeleton in the crayfish Orconectes virilis Hagen. Acta His-tochem., 20 193—222. 

Crayfish Orconectes virilis) exposed to different concentrations of pesticides are used for measuring intcrmolt phase and hemolymph calcium. The absence of elevation of calcium concentration in specimen.s exposed (o pesticides in laboratory defines failure to moll. Hemolymph samples arc taken directly from the heart and analyzed calcium biochemically (Leonhard, 1974). 

Hazlett BA (1994) Alarm responses in the crayfish Orconectes virilis and Orconectes propinquus. JChemEcol 20 1525-1535... 

Bergman DA, Moore PA (2003) Field observations of intraspecific agonistic behavior of two crayfish species, Orconectes rusticus and Orconectes virilis, in different habitats. Biol Bull 205 26-35... 

Hazlett BA (1985) Disturbance pheromones in the crayfish Orconectes virilis. J Chem Ecol 11 1695-1711... 

Fig. 18.4 When the odor of crushed conspecifics is presented, the responses to food odor are very strongly reduced in the crayfish Orconectes virilis. Starvation significantly reduces this effect (data from Hazlett 2003a). Drawing of O. virilis courtesy of Aleta Karstad...

Hazlett BA (1999) Responses to multiple chemical cues by the crayfish Orconectes virilis. Behaviour 136 161-177... 

Hazlett BA (2003b) Predator recognition and learned irrelevance in the crayfish Orconectes virilis. Ethology 109 765-780... 

After 48 h in acidified water (pH 4.8 and 3.5), crayfish Orconectes virilis and Procambarus acutus) showed reduced behavioral responses, i.e. antennule and feeding movements, to food odors (Tierney and Atema 1986). Several earlier studies on crustaceans focused on the effects of drilling fluids and crude oil on the chemoreception and behavior in connection with foraging and food search (e.g. Derby and Atema 1981). Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) detected low concentrations of the hydrocarbon naphthalene (Pearson and Olla 1980). 

Tierney AJ, Atema J (1986) Effects of acidification on the behavioral response of crayfishes (Orconectes virilis and Procambarus aculus) to chemical stimuli. Aquat Toxicol 9 1-11... 

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