Orbitrap - Principle of Operation

The electric field resulting from the conplex shape of the orbitrap electrodes may be termed quadrologarithmic field and has the potential distribution U(r,z) 

A detailed mathematical treatment of the orbitrap can be found in Refs. [15,205]. It delivers this important frequency of axial oscillations (in rad/s) as given by 

The frequency of the harmonic axial oscillation z is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions. 

Another two characteristic frequencies can be derived for ions inside the orbitrap. First the frequency of rotation co around the central electrode 

---