Orbital Sciences

IOHN F. EGAN, Nashua, New Hampshire ANTONIO L. ELIAS, Orbital Sciences Corporation BRIG CHIP ELLIOTT, BBN Technologies FRANK A. HORRIGAN, Bedford, Massachusetts IOHN W. HUTCHINSON, Harvard University RICHARD I. IVANETICH, Institute for Defense Analyses HARRY W. IENKINS, IR ITT Industries MIRIAM E. IOHN, Sandia National Laboratories... 

This work was fimded in part by a grant from Orbital Sciences Corporation / DARPA from the F6 program. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. 

Orbital Science have built the X-34 rocket plane 17.6 m long, with a wingspan of 8.5 m, as a re-useable test bed and capable of speeds up to Mach 8, featuring an all composite primary and secondary structure. The fuselage components use carbon fiber epoxy skins with an Al honeycomb core. 

Orbital Sciences manufactures the GMD three-stage boost vehicle. Orbital has 3,100 employees and a revenue of 1.2 billion per year. 

Concerning the first phase, the example one will select is the flight number 187 of Ariane 5 which took place at Kourou, French Guyana, in February2009. There were four satellites under the upper fairing HOT BIRD mIO, constructed by Astrium Satellites NSS-9, constructed by Orbital Science Corp and two microsatelKtes, Spiral A B, constructed by Astrium Satellites and Thales Alenia Space. The launcher Ariane 5 model was the powerfiil one of the family (Ariane 5 EGA), delivered by the Industrial Architect and Project Manager Astrium to its customer Arianespace. 

SCISEARCH Institute of Scientific Information, Thomson Scientific science and technology bibho. citations 20mio records 5900 journals ISI Web of Science, DIALOG, ORBIT, DIMDI, Da-taStai, STN CD-ROM, online weekly www.isinet.com http //isi2.isi-knowkdge.-com/portal.cgi... 

R. Poirer, R. Kari, I. G. Csizmadia, Handbook of Gaussian Basis Sets A Compendium for Ah Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations Elsevier Science Publishing, New York (1985). 

Food Science and Technology International Food Information Data-Star, Dialog, Orbit, STN food science... 

I have tried to stress the educational implications of the claims for the observation of orbitals in other articles and will not dwell on the issue here (Scerri, 2000 in Science and Education). 

Figure 2.38 The effect of varying the relative energies of the metal and ligand orbitals upon the final molecular orbital scheme for a dimeric rhodium carboxylate. (Reprinted from Coord. Chem. Rev., 50, 109, 1983, with kind permission from Elsevier Science S.A., P.O. Box 564,...

Y. Yano and S. Oae, 3d Orbital Resonance in the Bivalent Sulfur Atom, Mechanisms of Reactions of Sulfur Compounds, Vol. 4, Intra-Science, 1969, p. 167. 

Figure 2.14. The molecular orbitals of gas phase carbon monoxide, (a) Energy diagram indicating how the molecular orbitals arise from the combination of atomic orbitals of carbon (C) and oxygen (O). Conventional arrows are used to indicate the spin orientations of electrons in the occupied orbitals. Asterisks denote antibonding molecular orbitals, (b) Spatial distributions of key orbitals involved in the chemisorption of carbon monoxide. Barring indicates empty orbitals.5 (c) Electronic configurations of CO and NO in vacuum as compared to the density of states of a Pt(lll) cluster.11 Reprinted from ref. 11 with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 6.14. CO chemisorption on a transition metal. Molecular orbitals and density of states before (a,b) and after (c and d) adsorption. Effect of varying 0 and EF on electron backdonation (c) and donation (d). Based on Fig. 4 of ref. 98. See text for discussion. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science.

Taber, K. S. (2005). Learning quanta Barriers to stimulating transitions in student understanding of orbital ideas. Science Education, S9(l), 94-116. 

When atoms absorb a photon, an electron leaves the ground state for a more energetic orbital. When the electron drops to a lower-energy orbital, it gives out energy, often in the form of a photon. Spectroscopy is the branch of science that investigates that quantum of emitted or absorbed radiation. 

Fig. 8.36 Leyt Spectrum of the soil close to the crater rim where Opportunity entered and exited the crater. The basaltic soil is unusually high in hematite (but no indication of significant contribution Irom hematitic spherules). Middle rover tracks. Right 750 m diameter (. 75 m deep) eroded impact crater Victoria Crater, formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Image acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High-Resolution Science Experiment camera (Hirise). The red line is the drive path of Opportunity exploring the crater. (Courtesy NASA, JPL, ASU, Cornell University)...

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