Optimal thickening efficiency

NW, Pigment Volume Content, and Latex. Pigment volume content (PVC) and latex type and grade are important for optimizing dry film properties. Percent NW is usually governed by the desired cost of the final product. The formulator usually does not use these variables to optimize paint rheology but should be aware of how they affect thickener efficiency. 

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is the most important cellulose ether commercially. Its DS is 0.4-1.4. DS more than 0.6-0.8 gives a good water solubility. Carboxymethyl cellulose is one of the important modified celluloses that is widely used as an additive in industries. It possesses advantageous properties, especially solubility in water, immiscibility in oil and organic solvency, which makes it act as a multifunction agent. Therefore, it functions as stabilizer, thickener, binder and suspension agent in industries such as food and pharmaceutical. Hence, analysis of the CMC production process has been studied by researchers in order to enhance the efficiency of the process to achieve specific properties of CMC needed. There are many published works about CMC. For example, optimization of carboxymethyl cellulose production from etherification cellulose has been studied by Muei in 2010 [33]. 

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