Optical single crystal

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR ENERGY SAVING... 

Development of Electro-Optical Single Crystals for Energy Saving... 

MAGNETO-OPTICAL SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR OPTICAL ISOLATORS 4.1 Tb3 [Sc2-zLUz](Al3)Oi2 for IR and visible region... 

Development of Electro-Optical Single Crystals for Energy Saving Kiyoshi Shimamura, Stelian Arjoca, and Encarnacidn G. Vfliora, Daisuke Inomata, Kazuo Aoki, Akiham Funaki, Tsubasa Hatanaka, Takeshi Kizaki, and Kunihiro Naoe... 

Lantz J M and Corn R M 1994 Time-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurements of picosecond band flattening processes at single crystal TiO, electrodes J. Phys. Chem. 98 9387-90... 

Kolb D M, Kdtz R and Yamamoto K 1979 Copper monolayer formation on platinum single crystal surfaces Optical and... 

AH intrinsic germanium metal sold is specified to be N-type with a resistivity of at least 40 H-cm at 25°C or 50 H-cm at 20°C. Germanium metal prepared for use in infrared optics is usuaHy specified to be N-type with a resistivity of 4-40 Hem, to be stress-free and fine annealed, and to have certain minimum transmission (or maximum absorption) characteristics in the 3—5 or 8—12 pm wavelength ranges. Either polycrystaHine or single-crystal material is specified. 

A high temperature optical fiber thermometer has beea developed (32,33). It coasists of a sputtered iridium blackbody tip oa a single crystal sapphire laser. Such a device has beea showa to be accurate to within 0.03° C at 1000°C. 

An x-ray area detector can be used to collect the intensities of many reflections at a time. The crystal must be oriented in many different settings with respect to the incident beam but the detector needs to be positioned at only a few positions to collect all of the data. A charge coupled device (CCD) is used as the area detector on the Siemens SMART single crystal diffractometer system. The SMART detector consists of a flat 6-cm circular phosphorescent screen that converts x-ray photons to visible light photons. The screen is coupled to a tapered fiber optics bundle which is then coupled to a one inch by one inch square CCD chip. The CCD chip has 1024 x 1024 pixels each of which stores an electrical charge proportional to the number of... 

Ellipsometry can be sensitive to layers of matter only one atom thick. For example, oxidation of freshly cleaved single-crystal graphite can be monitored from the first monolayer and up. The best thicknesses for the ellipsometric study of thin films are between about 1 nm and 1000 nm. Although the spectra become complicated, films thicker than even 1 pm can be studied. Flat planar materials are optimum, but surface and interfacial roughness can be quantitatively determined if the roughness scale is smaller than about 100 nm. Thus ellipsometry is ideal for the investigation of interfacial surfaces in optical coatings and semiconductor struc-... 

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