Optical properties of transition-metal

Bella SD (2001) Second-order nonlinear optical properties of transition metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 30 355-366... 

Chapter 6 is devoted to discussing the main optical properties of transition metal ions (3d" outer electronic configuration), trivalent rare earth ions (4f 5s 5p outer electronic configuration), and color centers, based on the concepts introduced in Chapter 5. These are the usual centers in solid state lasers and in various phosphors. In addition, these centers are very interesting from a didactic viewpoint. We introduce the Tanabe-Sugano and Dieke diagrams and their application to the interpretation of the main spectral features of transition metal ion and trivalent rare earth ion spectra, respectively. Color centers are also introduced in this chapter, special attention being devoted to the spectra of the simplest F centers in alkali halides. 

General Aspects of the Influence of the Environment on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Transition Metal Ions in... 

Excellent reviews of the optical properties of transition metal ion complexes with amino acids and peptides have appeared (Hawkins, 1971 Martin, 1974, pp. 129-156 Richardson, 1979a, pp. 107-160). 

Frazier, C.C., Guha, S., Porter, P.L., Cockerham, M.P., and Chauchard, E.A., "Nonlinear optical properties of transition metal poly-ynes," Proceedings of the SPIE 971 187 (1988). 

The optical properties of transition-metal (TM) ions in crystals have generally analyzed by the ligand-field theory developed by Sugano et al. In the ligand-field theory, the multiplet energies of the TM ions in the octahedral (or tetrahedral) symmetry are expressed in terms of the Racah parameters B and C) and the crystal-field parameter (A). However, in the analysis based on this theory, the parameters axe determined from the experimental optical spectra under a certain trial assignment of the observed peaks. Therefore, correct parameters cannot be obtained unless the optical spectrum of the material is available and well understood. Even if the correct parameters are... 

Nonlinear optical properties of transition metal acetylides and their derivatives, C. E. Powell, M. G. Humphrey, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2004, 248, 725. 

Temperature changes do not appreciably affect ultraviolet optical properties of both metals and insulators, although at low temperatures absorption bands associated with excitons and electron band transitions are usually sharper, and frequencies of peak absorption may shift slightly. In the soft x-ray region, transitions of core electrons buried in the interior of atoms hardly notice temperature changes. 

Experimental measurements of the optical absorption spectra and magnetic properties of transition-metal complexes provide a critical test of the validity of crystal field theory. The theory makes specific predictions about the strengths of crystal fields produced by different ligands. Charged ligands such as the halides... 

Structural, reactivity, and optical properties of noble metal clusters attracted theoretical [47, 49, 104, 166-179] and experimental studies [178-192] over the years because of their relatively simple electronic nature in comparison with transition metals and their similarity to -sheU alkali metals. This is particularly the case for the Ag atom with a large s-d gap in contrast to the An atom. In the latter case, the s-d gap is considerably smaller, because the relativistic effects play an essential role— for example, strongly influencing the energy of an i-orbital. These differences in electronic structure are also reflected in the... 

The other interesting challenge from a synthetic viewpoint is the synthesis of doped QDs, particularly to study their magneto-optical properties. Doping transition metal ions in bulk as well as nanoscale semi-conductors has been an important area of study for the past couple of decades. Recent studies have further shown that for several applications, dopant associated emission from semiconductor nanocrystals may be more advantageous than the usual band-edge emission. Extensive attempts have been made to dope intentional impurities in various semiconductor nanocrystals, including those in ZnSe, ... 

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