Open circuit voltage Introduction

Nevertheless, it was recently demonstrated that introduction of thin (5 nm) interlayer of PF-PO(Et)2 (Figure 74) improves the performance of the conventional P3HT/ [60JPCBM blend from 2.0 to 3.4% mainly due to increase in the open-circuit voltage and FF from 450 to 640 mV and from 51 to 59%, respectively.Another polymer abbreviated as PFNBr-PFMEE in Figure 74 improved the power conversion efficiency of P3HT/[60]PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells from 3.0 to 3.8%. The open-circuit... 

The alkaline cell has an open-circuit voltage of 1.5 V that can deliver 150 Wh/kg and 460 Wh/1. The reactions have fast kinetics and can deliver full capacity, even at high-rate discharges. Since its introduction in 1959, there has been a steady increase in performance of the alkaline cell as new materials and cell components were incorporated into the structure. The present alkaline cell designs are based on the use of nanostructured electrolytic manganese dioxide, a thinner polymer gasket seal with sealant to increase internal volume and improve shelf Ufe. Mercury has been eliminated by using new zinc alloy compositions. These improvements have resulted in about a 40 % improvement in performance over the same-size cells produced in 1959. 

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